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Remesas y Migración Internacional en América Latina: Simulación de los Efectos en la Pobreza y la Desigualdad

Author

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  • Diego Battistón

    (Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS) - FCE - UNLP y CONICET)

Abstract

Este trabajo realiza un estudio comparativo del impacto de las remesas y la migración internacional sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad en cuatro países latinoamericanos con importantes procesos migratorios (Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua). A partir de encuestas de hogares se estiman los cambios producidos sobre estas dos dimensiones utilizando diferentes microsimulaciones. La metodología utilizada también permite descomponer los cambios totales en efectos directos e indirectos. Los cambios directos están relacionados con la salida del migrante del hogar y la sustitución de ingresos laborales por remesas. Los efectos indirectos (no observables) operan sobre el resto de los miembros del hogar y entre ellos se incluyen restricciones a la liquidez o cambios en las decisiones laborales. La incorporación de un doble mecanismo de selección muestral permite tener en cuenta arreglos intra-hogar que usualmente son excluidos del análisis empírico pero que han recibido fuerte soporte teórico en la literatura. Los resultados indican que en los cuatro países el proceso de migraciones y remesas reduce la desigualdad y en Ecuador, El Salvador y Honduras también se reducen significativamente las tasas de pobreza. La importancia relativa de los canales directos e indirectos depende entre otros factores de las características de los hogares involucrados en el proceso y el tipo de selección que opera sobre los mismos. En términos generales, la sustitución directa de ingreso laboral por remesas tiende a ser más importante cuando los hogares son más pobres mientras que los efectos indirectos se concentran en los hogares con ingresos medios.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego Battistón, 2010. "Remesas y Migración Internacional en América Latina: Simulación de los Efectos en la Pobreza y la Desigualdad," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0110, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    poverty; opportunities; education; children; impact evaluation; conditional cash transfers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D30 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - General
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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