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The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness

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  • Wolfers, Justin
  • Stevenson, Betsey

Abstract

By many objective measures the lives of women in the United States have improved over the past 35 years, yet we show that measures of subjective well-being indicate that women?s happiness has declined both absolutely and relative to men. The paradox of women?s declining relative well-being is found across various datasets, measures of subjective well-being, and is pervasive across demographic groups and industrialized countries. Relative declines in female happiness have eroded a gender gap in happiness in which women in the 1970s typically reported higher subjective well-being than did men. These declines have continued and a new gender gap is emerging?one with higher subjective well-being for men.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfers, Justin & Stevenson, Betsey, 2009. "The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness," CEPR Discussion Papers 7311, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:7311
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender; Happiness; Job satisfaction; Life satisfaction; Subjective well-being; Women's movement;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • J7 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination
    • K1 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law

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