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Elementos para una propuesta de reforma del sistema de protección económica para la vejez en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Leonardo Villar
  • David Forrero

Abstract

Para estimular el debate de ideas en la contienda presidencial de 2018, Fedesarrollo lideró la elaboración de varios documentos con propuestas de política pública en áreas críticas para el desarrollo económico y social del país. El documento de Villar y Forero presenta una propuesta integral de reforma del sistema de protección económica de la vejez en Colombia, encaminada a corregir sus graves deficiencias y enormes costos fiscales. Los autores proponen un régimen pensional de pilares complementarios. El pilar público administrado por Colpensiones captaría cotizaciones de todos los trabajadores por lo correspondiente a un salario mínimo. Garantizaría además que todos los que cumplan condiciones de pensión obtengan al menos un salario mínimo, lo cual requiere de subsidios estatales, tal como sucede en la actualidad. Para evitar el otorgamiento de subsidios a pensionados de altos ingresos, la propuesta plantea un esquema que reduce gradualmente el subsidio otorgado por Colpensiones a medida que aumenta el ahorro del afiliado en el pilar privado, de capitalización individual. Este segundo pilar recibiría las contribuciones en exceso de un salario mínimo para ahorrarlas en su cuenta individual y complementaría la pensión básica del pilar público con beneficios proporcionales a su ahorro. El diseno propuesto focaliza los subsidios en la población de menores ingresos y reduce los costos fiscales del sistema. En lo que se refiere a las personas que no alcanzan a cumplir las condiciones para obtener una pensión, los autores proponen ajustar el sistema no contributivo de apoyo económico a la vejez, a través de una expansión sustancial del alcance y los beneficios del programa Colombia Mayor. Presentan además propuestas audaces para fortalecer el esquema de beneficios económicos periódicos (BEPS) y potenciarlo como mecanismo integrador del sistema pensional contributivo con los sistemas de apoyo económico para la vejez de los trabajadores informales.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Villar & David Forrero, 2018. "Elementos para una propuesta de reforma del sistema de protección económica para la vejez en Colombia," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 16253, Fedesarrollo.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000439:016253
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Martha López & Eduardo Sarmiento G., 2019. "El Sistema Pensional en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1078, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    2. Martha López & Eduardo Sarmiento Gómez, 2024. "Consideraciones sobre la propuesta de reducción en las semanas de cotización para pensionarse en Colombia: qué dicen 12 millones de datos," Borradores de Economia 1268, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Luis Fernando Mejía & David Forero, 2022. "¿Qué hacer en protección económica para la vejez?," Libros Fedesarrollo 20233, Fedesarrollo.
    4. Jairo Núnez Méndez & María del Pilar Ruiz & Carlos Castañeda & Olga Téllez, 2018. "Análisis cualitativo sobre el acceso y uso de BEPS," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 48(1-2), pages 207-258, December.

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