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Consideraciones sobre la propuesta de reducción en las semanas de cotización para pensionarse en Colombia: qué dicen 12 millones de datos

Author

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  • Martha López
  • Eduardo Sarmiento Gómez

Abstract

Recientemente, en Colombia se ha propuesto la disminución del número de semanas de cotización requeridas para pensionarse de 1.300 a 1.000 semanas para aquellos ciudadanos que tengan más de 65 años. En este documento se analiza dicha reducción propuesta teniendo en cuenta las preferencias de los individuos y los costos fiscales que ello representa. Para ello se analiza el comportamiento de los individuos en el sistema pensional actual y algunos cálculos fiscales. Se utiliza la información de la Planilla Integrada de Liquidación de Aportes (PILA), una técnica econométrica de variables binarias probit y estimaciones de efecto fiscal. En el estudio probit de corte transversal, los resultados indican que la edad de los cotizantes tiene un efecto positivo en la probabilidad de pertenecer el sistema público, de igual manera que el salario. Los resultados muestran que los agentes en el sistema actual cotizan en el sistema privado y se pensionan en el público. La reducción de semanas de cotizaciones tendría un alto costo fiscal, 1,13% del producto anual, y también sería inequitativa ya que se puede otorgar el beneficio a personas de altos ingresos sin cumplir los requerimientos de semanas actuales. No se recomienda reducir las semanas de cotización. **** Abstact: Recently, a proposal has been put forth in Colombia to reduce the required minimum number of weeks of contributions to retire from 1,300 to 1,000 weeks for citizens who reach the age of 65. This document analyzes this proposed reduction of weeks, taking into account the preferences of individuals, and the fiscal costs that this represents. To this end, the behavior of individuals in the current pension system and some fiscal calculations are analyzed. Information from the Integrated Contribution Settlement Form (PILA), an econometric technique of binary probit variables and fiscal effect estimates, are used. In the cross-sectional probit study, the results indicate that the age of contributors has a positive effect on the probability of belonging to the public system, in the same way as salary. The results show how agents in the current system contribute to the private system and retire in the public system. The reduction of weeks of contributions would have a high fiscal cost, 1.13% of the annual product, and would also be inequitable since the benefit can be granted to high-income people without meeting the current requirements of weeks. It is not recommended to reduce the number of weeks of contributions.

Suggested Citation

  • Martha López & Eduardo Sarmiento Gómez, 2024. "Consideraciones sobre la propuesta de reducción en las semanas de cotización para pensionarse en Colombia: qué dicen 12 millones de datos," Borradores de Economia 1268, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1268
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1268
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leonardo Villar & David Forrero, 2018. "Elementos para una propuesta de reforma del sistema de protección económica para la vejez en Colombia," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 16253, Fedesarrollo.
    2. Luis Fernando Mejía, 2023. "Análisis y recomendaciones sobre las reformas laboral y pensional," Informes de Investigación 20786, Fedesarrollo.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Semanas de cotización; PILA; probit; Contribution weeks; PILA; probit;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination

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