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“Todos Pagan”: Las PYME y la violencia urbana en Medellín, Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Miller, Ben

    (CDA Collaborative Learning)

  • Rettberg, Angelika

    (Universidad de los Andes)

Abstract

Este artículo examina el impacto del complejo entorno de Medellín, una ciudad de 2,5 millones de habitantes, en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) locales, donde coexisten la actividad económica formal e informal, así como actores legales e ilegales. Aunque las PYMEs superan en número a las grandes empresas, operan a una escala menor y presentan características organizacionales más informales y menos prominentes en el ámbito público. La necesidad de responder colectivamente a la violencia es crucial para estas empresas, pero la organización de acciones conjuntas puede ser un desafío. Con base en una revisión de los documentos oficiales, bibliografía académica, visitas de campo y 39 entrevistas, desarrollamos una tipología de tres partes sobre las respuestas de las PYME ante los actores violentos: aquiescencia, elusión y mitigación. El estudio propone que la mayoría de las PYMEs en Medellín se han adaptado a las complejidades de la legalidad, ilegalidad, formalidad y violencia, empleando estrategias como aquiescencia, elusión y mitigación frente a actores violentos. Se destaca que aunque la cooperación con actores ilegales puede garantizar la viabilidad a corto plazo, plantea desafíos a largo plazo para el empoderamiento, fortalecimiento institucional y desarrollo económico inclusivo de las comunidades. En última instancia, el artículo sugiere que algunas estrategias de las PYME son más efectivas que otras para su supervivencia y crecimiento en entornos violentos.

Suggested Citation

  • Miller, Ben & Rettberg, Angelika, 2023. "“Todos Pagan”: Las PYME y la violencia urbana en Medellín, Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20999, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:020999
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    File URL: https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/handle/1992/73146/dcede2023-38.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blattman, Christopher & Lessing, Benjamin & Tobon, Santiago & Duncan, Gustavo, 2021. "Gang rule: Understanding and Countering Criminal Governance," SocArXiv 5nyqs, Center for Open Science.
    2. Santiago Tobón & Christopher Blattman & Gustavo Duncan & Benjamin Lessing & Juan Pablo Mesa-Mejía, 2020. "Gobierno criminal en Medellín: panorama general del fenómeno y evidencia empírica sobre cómo enfrentarlo," Documentos de Trabajo CIEF 18490, Universidad EAFIT.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Medellín; PYME; violencia urbana; extorsión; criminalidad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • K40 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - General
    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General

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