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The Determinants of Bank Capital Ratios in a Developing Economy

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Listed:
  • Michael J. Skully

    (Monash University)

  • Rubi Ahmad

    (University of Malay)

  • M. Ariff

    (Bond University)

Abstract

This paper reports new findings on the determinants of bank capital ratios. The results are from an unbalanced panel data set spanning eight years around the period of the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis. Test results suggest a strong positive link between regulatory capital and bank management?s risk-taking behaviour. The risk-based capital standards of the regulators did not have an influence on how regulatory capital is adjusted by low-capitalized banks, perhaps due to the well-documented banking fragility during the test period. Finally, bank capital decisions seem not to be driven by bank profitability, which finding is inconsistent with developed country literature that has for long stressed the importance of banks? earnings as driving capital ratios. Although the study focuses only on one developing economy, these findings may help to identify the correlates of bank capital ratios in both developed and developing economies since this topic has received scant attention of researchers. These findings are somewhat consistent with how banks engaging in risky lending across the world could have brought on the 2007-2008 banking liquidity and capital erosion crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael J. Skully & Rubi Ahmad & M. Ariff, 2009. "The Determinants of Bank Capital Ratios in a Developing Economy," CARF F-Series CARF-F-147, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
  • Handle: RePEc:cfi:fseres:cf147
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    2. Saibal Ghosh, 2010. "Credit Growth, Bank Soundness and Financial Fragility," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 11(1), pages 69-98, March.
    3. repec:spt:apfiba:v::y:2018:i::f:8_2_1 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Klepczarek Emilia, 2015. "Determinants Of European Banks' Capital Adequacy / Determinanty Adekwatności Kapitałowej Banków Europejskich," Comparative Economic Research, Sciendo, vol. 18(4), pages 81-98, December.
    5. Syed Abul Basher & Lawrence M. Kessler & Murat K. Munkin, 2017. "Bank capital and portfolio risk among Islamic banks," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 1-9, September.
    6. Ghosh, Saibal, 2010. "Credit Growth, Bank Soundness and Financial Fragility: Evidence from Indian Banking Sector," MPRA Paper 24715, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Rami Obeid, 2023. "Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio in the Banking Sector: Evidence from the Arab Region," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 18(5), pages 1-63, August.
    8. Suryasnia, Sofi & Primiana, Ina & Sucherly, Sucherly & Herwany, Aldrin, 2016. "Banking Strategy and Implementation of Banking ASEAN Integration Framework(ABIF)in ASEAN Community (AEC)'s Era 2020 ERA 2020," MPRA Paper 73303, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 Aug 2016.
    9. Mohamed Aymen Ben Moussa, 2018. "Determinants of bank capital: Case of Tunisia," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(2), pages 1-1.
    10. Afsana Yesmin, 2018. "Do competition and development indicators heterogeneously affect risk and capital? Evidence from Asian banks," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(03), pages 1-18, September.
    11. Wang, Jiamei & Chen, Haibin & Zhang, Heng & Luo, Jianchao & Cheng, Mingwang & Zhang, Jiaping, 2022. "Property rights reform and capital adequacy ratios of rural credit cooperatives in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    12. Ding, Dong & Sickles, Robin C., 2018. "Frontier Efficiency, Capital Structure, and Portfolio Risk: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Banks," Working Papers 18-005, Rice University, Department of Economics.
    13. Shahchera , Mahshid, 2013. "The Determinants of Banks' Capital Structure: The case of Iran," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 8(1), pages 141-167, January.
    14. Rubi Ahmad & Mohamed Albaity, 2019. "The Determinants of Bank Capital for East Asian Countries," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 20(6), pages 1311-1323, December.
    15. Talla M Aldeehani, 2016. "Has the risk index of Islamic banks and conventional banks in GCC countries changed in response to the 2008 economic crisis?," Journal of Economic and Financial Studies (JEFS), LAR Center Press, vol. 4(4), pages 20-33, August.
    16. Changjun Zheng & Anupam Das Gupta & Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq, 2017. "Do market competition and development indicators matter for banks’ risk, capital, and efficiency relationship?," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(02n03), pages 1-27, June.
    17. Jowita Grzelak, 2019. "Determinants of Central Eastern European Banks’ Adequacy Risk (Determinanty ryzyka adekwatnosci kapitalowej banków Europy Srodkowo-Wschodniej)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 1(30), pages 20-30.
    18. Oyebola Fatima Etudaiye-Muhtar & Rubi Ahmad & Taiwo Azeez Olaniyi & Bilqees Ayoola Abdulmumin, 2017. "Financial Market Development and Bank Capitalization Ratio," Paradigm, , vol. 21(2), pages 126-138, December.
    19. Dinc, Yusuf, 2017. "Comparative empirical analysis on the effect of mortgage loan on capital adequacy ratio," MPRA Paper 86451, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 May 2017.
    20. Eva Horvatova, 2018. "Technical Efficiency of Banks in Central and Eastern Europe," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-25, July.
    21. Ding, Dong & Sickles, Robin C., 2018. "Capital Regulation, Efficiency, and Risk Taking: A Spatial Panel Analysis of U.S. Banks," Working Papers 18-004, Rice University, Department of Economics.
    22. Yaman Hajja, 2022. "Impact of bank capital on non‐performing loans: New evidence of concave capital from dynamic panel‐data and time series analysis in Malaysia," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 2921-2948, July.
    23. Odunayo Magret Olarewaju & Joseph Olorunfemi Akande, 2016. "An Empirical Analysis of Capital Adequacy Determinants in Nigerian Banking Sector," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(12), pages 132-142, December.
    24. Albaity, Mohamed & Mallek, Ray Saadaoui & Noman, Abu Hanifa Md., 2019. "Competition and bank stability in the MENA region: The moderating effect of Islamic versus conventional banks," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 310-325.

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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