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Smart Parking Management Field Test: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration

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  • Shaheen, Susan

Abstract

In almost every major city in the U.S. and internationally, parking problems are ubiquitous. It is well known that the limited availability of parking contributes to roadway congestion, air pollution, and driver frustration and that the cost of expanding traditional parking capacity is frequently prohibitive. However, less research has addressed the effect of insufficient parking at transit stations on transit use. In the San Francisco Bay Area, parking has recently been at or near capacity at many of the 31 Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District stations with parking facilities. Smart parking management technologies may provide a cost-effective tool to address near-term parking constraints at BART transit stations. This report presents early findings from an application of advanced parking technologies to maximize existing parking capacity at the Rockridge BART station, which was launched in December 2004 in the East San Francisco Bay Area. The smart parking system includes traffic sensors that count the number of vehicles entering and exiting the parking lots at the station. A reservation system allows travelers to reserve spaces by Internet, personal digital assistant (PDA), phone, and cell phone. The real-time information obtained from the sensors and the reservation system is displayed on variable message signs (VMS) (on Highway 24 leading to the station) to alert drivers of parking space availability. Before and after surveys and focus groups will be used to evaluate the travel effects, economic potential, and system technology of the field test. This report consists of three major sections: * A literature review in which the effectiveness of different types and applications of smart parking management systems are evaluated; * A feasibility analysis, including focus groups, surveys, and observational analyses, which guides the development and initial evaluation of the smart parking field test; and * A smart parking project description, which includes the applied demonstration design and technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaheen, Susan, 2005. "Smart Parking Management Field Test: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt6d58554x, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6d58554x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shoup, Donald C., 1994. "Cashing in on Curb Parking," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt4z3061mk, University of California Transportation Center.
    2. Willson, Richard W., 1992. "Estimating the Travel and Parking Demand Effects of Employer-Paid Parking," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt37p740qt, University of California Transportation Center.
    3. Shoup, Donald C., 1997. "The High Cost of Free Parking," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt4vz087cc, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Merriman, David, 1997. "Subsidized Parking and Neighborhood Nuisances," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 198-201, March.
    5. Willson, Richard W. & Shoup, Donald C., 1990. "Parking Subsidies and Travel Choices: Assessing the Evidence," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt3256f490, University of California Transportation Center.
    6. Shoup, Donald C. & Willson, Richard W., 1992. "Employer-Paid Parking: The Problem and Proposed Solutions," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt2x6240jr, University of California Transportation Center.
    7. Shoup, Donald C., 1999. "The trouble with minimum parking requirements," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 549-574.
    8. Kolozsvari, Douglas & Shoup, Donald, 2003. "Turning Small Change into Big Changes," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt3vq8794s, University of California Transportation Center.
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    10. Wilson, Richard W. & Shoup, Donald C., 1990. "Parking Subsidies and Travel Choices: Assessing the Evidence," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt5w24532x, University of California Transportation Center.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lipman, Timothy & Shaheen, Susan, 2005. "Integrated Hydrogen and Intelligent Transportation Systems Evaluation for the California Department of Transportation," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt63d0t5wb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Todd, Michael, 2006. "Enhanced Transit Strategies: Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority and ITS Technology Architectures for TOD Enhancement," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt8h1969p9, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Rodier, Caroline & Shaheen, Susan A. & Blake, Tagan, 2010. "Smart Parking Pilot on the Coaster Commuter Rail Line in San Diego, California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt06s723rw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    4. Shaheen, Susan & Kemmerer, Charlene, 2007. "Smart Parking Linked to Transit: Lessons Learned from the San Francisco Bay Area Field Test," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1bq806p5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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