IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bis/biswps/1220.html

The road to net zero: a fund flow investigation

Author

Listed:
  • Louisa Chen
  • Koji Takahashi

Abstract

We analyze how U.S. green and brown energy equity mutual funds and ETFs respond to public attention on climate change from 2006 to 2022. Our findings indicate that green fund inflows consistently increased, peaking in 2020 in reaction to climate news, while brown fund inflows steadily declined. This shift toward green investments may discourage brown investments and help mitigate the negative impacts of climate news on stock market and industry production growth. The pace of transition from brown to green funds aligns with changes in U.S. climate policy, with a faster transition associated with positive stock market performance and industry production growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Louisa Chen & Koji Takahashi, 2024. "The road to net zero: a fund flow investigation," BIS Working Papers 1220, Bank for International Settlements.
  • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:1220
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work1220.pdf
    File Function: Full PDF document
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work1220.htm
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monasterolo, Irene & de Angelis, Luca, 2020. "Blind to carbon risk? An analysis of stock market reaction to the Paris Agreement," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Boermans, Martijn A. & Galema, Rients, 2019. "Are pension funds actively decarbonizing their portfolios?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 50-60.
    3. Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Dibooglu, Sel & Aleisa, Eisa, 2004. "Relationships among U.S. oil prices and oil industry equity indices," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 427-453.
    4. Qadan, Mahmoud & Nama, Hazar, 2018. "Investor sentiment and the price of oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 42-58.
    5. Nordhaus, William D., 1993. "Rolling the 'DICE': an optimal transition path for controlling greenhouse gases," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 27-50, March.
    6. Schlenker, Wolfram & Taylor, Charles A., 2021. "Market expectations of a warming climate," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 627-640.
    7. Yousaf, Imran & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Demirer, Riza, 2022. "Green investments: A luxury good or a financial necessity?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    8. Bolton, Patrick & Kacperczyk, Marcin, 2021. "Do investors care about carbon risk?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 517-549.
    9. Ravi Bansal & Dana Kiku & Marcelo Ochoa, 2016. "Price of Long-Run Temperature Shifts in Capital Markets," NBER Working Papers 22529, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mueller, Isabella & Sfrappini, Eleonora, 2022. "Climate Change-Related Regulatory Risks and Bank Lending," Working Paper Series 2670, European Central Bank.
    2. Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea, 2022. "Climate transition risk, profitability and stock prices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Cerqueti, Roy & Stefanelli, Kevyn, 2025. "Spotlighting energy sector through green transition attention," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    4. Venturini, Alessio, 2022. "Climate change, risk factors and stock returns: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Mefteh-Wali, Salma & Viviani, Jean-Laurent & Ben Jabeur, Sami & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Lucey, Brian M., 2022. "How do climate risk and clean energy spillovers, and uncertainty affect U.S. stock markets?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    6. Benjamin Dennis, 2022. "Climate Change and Financial Policy: A Literature Review," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-048, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    7. Wanidwaranan, Phasin & Wongkantarakorn, Jutamas & Padungsaksawasdi, Chaiyuth, 2025. "Climate policy uncertainty and trading behavior: Evidence from aggregate herd behavior," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Duong, Huu Nhan & Kalev, Petko S. & Kalimipalli, Madhu & Trivedi, Saurabh, 2025. "Do firms benefit from carbon risk management? Evidence from the credit default swaps market," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    9. Ströbel, Johannes & Wurgler, Jeffrey, 2021. "What do you think about climate finance?," CEPR Discussion Papers 16622, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Boermans, Martijn Adriaan & Galema, Rients, 2025. "Carbon home bias of European investors," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    11. Cepni, Oguzhan & Demirer, Riza & Rognone, Lavinia, 2022. "Hedging climate risks with green assets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    12. Ricardo Gimeno & Clara I. González, 2022. "The role of a green factor in stock prices. When Fama & French go green," Working Papers 2207, Banco de España.
    13. Basha, Shabeen Afsar & Benkraiem, Ramzi & Ben-Nasr, Hamdi & Masum, Abdullah-Al, 2025. "Does political risk exacerbate climate risk? Firm-level evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA).
    14. Frederick van der Ploeg & Armon Rezai & Rick van der Ploeg, 2026. "Climate Change, Climate Policy, and the Macroeconomy," CESifo Working Paper Series 12480, CESifo.
    15. Kim, Incheol & Lee, Suin & Ryou, Jiwoo, 2024. "Does climate risk influence analyst forecast accuracy?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Annemarie Berkhout & Martijn Boermans & Justin Dijk & Wim Goossens & Trond Husby, 2026. "Expanding carbon indicator scope by looking through investment funds - an overview of statistical methodologies," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Statistics and beyond: new data for decision making in central banks, volume 66, Bank for International Settlements.
    17. Chai Liang Huang & Lai Ferry Sugianto, 2024. "The scorching temperatures shock effect on firms’ performance: a global perspective," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 1651-1732, May.
    18. Demiralay, Sercan & Gencer, Hatice Gaye & Bayraci, Selcuk, 2022. "Carbon credit futures as an emerging asset: Hedging, diversification and downside risks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    19. Michael D. Bauer & Eric A. Offner & Glenn D. Rudebusch, 2023. "The Effect of U.S. Climate Policy on Financial Markets: An Event Study of the Inflation Reduction Act," CESifo Working Paper Series 10739, CESifo.
    20. Popescu, Ioana-Stefania & Gibon, Thomas & Hitaj, Claudia & Rubin, Mirco & Benetto, Enrico, 2023. "Are SRI funds financing carbon emissions? An input-output life cycle assessment of investment funds," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:1220. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Martin Fessler (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bisssch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.