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A Global Shock with Idiosyncratic Pains: State-Dependent Debt Limits for LATAM during the COVID-19 pandemic

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  • Juan C. Méndez-Vizcaíno
  • Nicolás Moreno-Arias

Abstract

Fiscal sustainability in five of the largest Latin American economies is examined before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the DSGE model in Bi(2012) and Hürtgen (2020) is used to estimate the Fiscal Limits and Fiscal Spaces for Peru, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. These estimates advance the empirical literature for Latin America on fiscal sustainability by offering new calculations stemming from a structural framework with alluring novel features: government default on the intensive margin; dynamic Laffer curves; utility-based stochastic discount factor; and a Markov-Switching process for public transfers with an explosive regime. The most notable additions to the existing literature for Latin America are the estimations of entire distributions of public debt limits for various default probabilities and that said limits critically hinge on both current and future states. Results obtained indicate notorious contractions of Fiscal Spaces among all countries during the pandemic, but the sizes of these were very heterogeneous. Countries that in 2019 had positive spaces and got closer to negative spaces in 2020, have since seen deterioration of their sovereign debt ratings or outlooks. Colombia was the only country to lose its positive Fiscal Space and investment grade, thereby joining Brazil, the previously sole member of both groups. **** RESUMEN: Antes y después de la pandemia de COVID-19 se examina la sostenibilidad fiscal de cinco de las economías más grandes de Latinoamérica. A través de métodos globales se resuelve el modelo DSGE, desarrollado en Bi(2012) y Hürtgen (2020), para estimar los Límites y Espacios Fiscales de Perú, Chile, México, Colombia y Brasil. Estas estimaciones expanden la literatura empírica sobre la sostenibilidad fiscal en Latinoamérica, al ofrecer nuevos cálculos provenientes de un modelo con varias características enriquecedoras: default del gobierno en el margen intensivo; curvas de Laffer dinámicas; factor de descuento estocástico de hogares aversos al riesgo; y transferencias públicas que siguen un proceso de Markov-Switching con un régimen explosivo. Las adiciones más destacables a la literatura existente para Latinoamérica son las estimaciones de distribuciones de límites de deuda pública para distintas probabilidades de default y que éstas dependen de los estados presentes y futuros de la economía. Los resultados indican que en 2020, si bien hubo heterogeneidad, se dieron contracciones notorias de los Espacios Fiscales en todos los países a raíz de la pandemia. Los países que en 2019 tuvieron espacios positivos y se acercaron a espacios negativos en 2020 han experimentado desde entonces deterioros de las calificaciones crediticias (o perspectivas) de su deuda soberana. Colombia fue el único país que en la pandemia perdió su Espacio Fiscal positivo y el grado de inversión de su deuda; antes del choque sólo Brasil tenía estas características.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan C. Méndez-Vizcaíno & Nicolás Moreno-Arias, 2021. "A Global Shock with Idiosyncratic Pains: State-Dependent Debt Limits for LATAM during the COVID-19 pandemic," Borradores de Economia 1175, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1175
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1175
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    State-Dependent Debt Limits; Latin America; Fiscal Space; Fiscal Sustainability; Default; Public Debt; COVID-19; Global Methods; Límites de Deuda Estado-Dependientes; Latinoamérica; Espacio Fiscal; Sostenibilidad Fiscal; Default; Deuda Pública; COVID-19; Métodos Globales;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • H60 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - General

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