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Target alignment, dilution and forecast selection when cross-sectional forecasts share a common target

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  • Masoud Soleimani

Abstract

Forecasters often score the same units per date against one standardized realized outcome. We show that every standardized forecast splits exactly into a component aligned with this common target and a component uncorrelated with it. Three consequences follow: forecast-error correlation largely mirrors forecast correlation and is therefore a poor measure of diversity; an equally weighted combination beats a no-information forecast only when average alignment is large relative to the combination's dispersion; and the gain from adding a forecaster separates into genuine improvement and mere dilution, which equal-weight admission can mistakenly reward. We develop a cautious selection rule, study it in simulations, and apply it to language-model forecasts of US equity rankings and mechanical signals ranking exchange-traded funds. Selection removes most dilution losses, but no combination beats the no-information forecast.

Suggested Citation

  • Masoud Soleimani, 2026. "Target alignment, dilution and forecast selection when cross-sectional forecasts share a common target," Papers 2609.26303, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2609.26303
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