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Comparison of Oracles

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  • David Lagziel
  • Ehud Lehrer
  • Tao Wang

Abstract

We analyze incomplete-information games where an oracle publicly shares information with players. One oracle dominates another if, in every game, it can match the set of equilibrium outcomes induced by the latter. Distinct characterizations are provided for deterministic and stochastic signaling functions, based on simultaneous posterior matching, partition refinements, and common knowledge components. This study extends the work of Blackwell (1951) to games, and expands the study of Aumann (1976) on common knowledge by developing a theory of information loops.

Suggested Citation

  • David Lagziel & Ehud Lehrer & Tao Wang, 2025. "Comparison of Oracles," Papers 2505.15955, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2505.15955
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