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A New Approach to Overcoming Zero Trade in Gravity Models to Avoid Indefinite Values in Linear Logarithmic Equations and Parameter Verification Using Machine Learning

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  • Mikrajuddin Abdullah

Abstract

The presence of a high number of zero flow trades continues to provide a challenge in identifying gravity parameters to explain international trade using the gravity model. Linear regression with a logarithmic linear equation encounters an indefinite value on the logarithmic trade. Although several approaches to solving this problem have been proposed, the majority of them are no longer based on linear regression, making the process of finding solutions more complex. In this work, we suggest a two-step technique for determining the gravity parameters: first, perform linear regression locally to establish a dummy value to substitute trade flow zero, and then estimating the gravity parameters. Iterative techniques are used to determine the optimum parameters. Machine learning is used to test the estimated parameters by analyzing their position in the cluster. We calculated international trade figures for 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019. We just examine the classic gravity equation and discover that the powers of GDP and distance are in the same cluster and are both worth roughly one. The strategy presented here can be used to solve other problems involving log-linear regression.

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  • Mikrajuddin Abdullah, 2023. "A New Approach to Overcoming Zero Trade in Gravity Models to Avoid Indefinite Values in Linear Logarithmic Equations and Parameter Verification Using Machine Learning," Papers 2308.06303, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2308.06303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas Chaney, 2018. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade: An Explanation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 126(1), pages 150-177.
    2. Peter Nijkamp & Waldemar Ratajczak, 2021. "Gravitational Analysis in Regional Science and Spatial Economics: A Vector Gradient Approach to Trade," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 44(3-4), pages 400-431, May.
    3. Tiiu Paas, 2000. "The gravity approach for modeling international trade patterns for economies in transition," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 6(4), pages 633-648, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mikrajuddin Abdullah, 2023. "Theoretical foundation for the Pareto distribution of international trade strength and introduction of an equation for international trade forecasting," Papers 2309.00635, arXiv.org.

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