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Allocative Efficiency in the Manufacturing Sector: A Firm-Level Analysis for Costa Rica

Author

Listed:
  • Melissa Vega-Monge

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Claudio Mora-García

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

This paper studies the evolution of allocative efficiency (AE) in Costa Rica’s manufacturing sector between 2005 and 2022, using comprehensive administrative firm-level data. Building on the structural framework of Blackwood et al. (2021), we estimate productivity and AE under both constant and non-constant returns to scale, explicitly accounting for the role of markups, demand elasticity, and firm-level fundamentals. Our results show that while AE in manufacturing remains relatively low, it exhibits an upward trend over time. Nonetheless, the potential gains from eliminating misallocation are large: moving to an efficient allocation of resources would raise manufacturing productivity by an estimated 61% – 89%. ***Resumen: Este documento analiza la evolución de la asignación eficiente de recursos (i.e., eficiencia asignativa) en el sector manufacturero de Costa Rica con datos administrativos a nivel de la firma entre 2005 y 2022. Con base en el marco estructural de Blackwood et al. (2021), estimamos la productividad y la eficiencia asignativa bajo los supuestos de retornos constantes y no constantes a escala. Además, consideramos explícitamente el papel de los márgenes, la elasticidad de la demanda y los fundamentos de la firma. Nuestros resultados muestran que, si bien la eficiencia asignativa en la manufactura se mantiene relativamente baja, presenta una tendencia creciente a lo largo del tiempo. No obstante, las ganancias potenciales de eliminar la mala asignación son significativas: transitar hacia una asignación eficiente de los recursos productivos incrementaría la productividad del sector manufacturero entre un 61% y un 89%.

Suggested Citation

  • Melissa Vega-Monge & Claudio Mora-García, 2026. "Allocative Efficiency in the Manufacturing Sector: A Firm-Level Analysis for Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 2602, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2602
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques

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