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Determinants of Public Health expenditures in Pakistan

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  • Abbas, Faisal
  • Hiemenz, Ulrich

Abstract

This study describes the macroeconomic determinants of health care spending in a broad context using time series data from Pakistan on economic, demographic, social, and political variables. The data spans a period from 1972- 2006 and was analyzed using cointegration and error correction approaches. All variables were found to be first difference stationary and the results confirm the presence of one cointegrating vector. This proves the existence of a long-run relationship between public health care expenditures and the other variables used in the model. The income elasticity of public health care expenditures is estimated at 0.23. As this value is less than unity it suggests that, contrary to most of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries health care qualifies as a necessity in Pakistan. Urbanization and unemployment are variables that have a negative effect on health care expenditures, with elasticity values of -1.29 and –0.32 respectively, implying that it is costly to provide health care to residents of remote rural areas of Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Abbas, Faisal & Hiemenz, Ulrich, 2011. "Determinants of Public Health expenditures in Pakistan," Discussion Papers 118422, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ubzefd:118422
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.118422
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    Cited by:

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    2. Tuğay GÜNEL, 2018. "The Relationship Between Young Populations, Life Expectancy at Birth, Number Of Doctors and Health Expenditure in Turkey: An Econometric Application," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue 1.
    3. Olayiwola, Saheed O. & Bakare-Aremu, Tunde Abubakar & Abiodun, S.O., 2021. "Public Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Testing of Wagner's Hypothesis," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 9(2), April.
    4. Nawaz, Saima, 2021. "Energy poverty, climate shocks, and health deprivations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Edit V. Velenyi & Marc F. Smitz, 2014. "Cyclical Patterns in Government Health Expenditures Between 1995 and 2010," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 87885, The World Bank.
    6. Byaro, Mwoya & Kinyondo, Abel & Michello, Charles & Musonda, Patrick, 2018. "Determinants of Public Health Expenditure Growth in Tanzania: An Application of Bayesian Model," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 6(1), January.
    7. Anam Javaid & Atif Akbar & Shahbaz Nawaz, 2018. "A Review on Human Development Index," Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 6(3), pages :357-369, September.
    8. Anam Javaid & Anam Javaid & Muhammad Waheed, 2019. "Statistical Analysis of Basic Necessities and Facilities Related to Human Development Index," Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 6(2), pages 39-44.
    9. Glenn P. Jenkins & Hope Amala Anyabolu & Pejman Bahramian, 2019. "Family Decision Making on Healthcare Spending: New Evidence for Nigeria," Development Discussion Papers 2019-12, JDI Executive Programs.
    10. M. M. Fasoranti, 2015. "An Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Government Health Expenditures in Nigeria," Journal of Empirical Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 4(4), pages 193-206.

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