Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2021

• Chowdhry, Sonali & Felbermayr, Gabriel, 2021, "Trade liberalization along the firm size distribution: The case of the EU-South Korea FTA," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2176, revised 2021.
• Bräuer, Richard & Hungerland, Wolf-Fabian & Kersting, Felix, 2021, "Trade shocks, labour markets and elections in the first globalisation," IWH-CompNet Discussion Papers, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), number 4/2021.
• Slavtchev, Viktor, 2021, "Importwettbewerb und Firmenproduktivität," Wirtschaft im Wandel, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), volume 27, issue 1, pages 12-15.
• Girma, Sourafel & Görg, Holger, 2021, "Productivity effects of processing and ordinary export market entry: A time-varying treatments approach," KCG Working Papers, Kiel Centre for Globalization (KCG), number 23.
• Hahn, Chin Hee, 2021, "How do Export Pioneers Emerge and How are They Related to Product Creators?," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 43, issue 1, pages 1-27, DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2021.43.1.1.
• Kim, Dongseok, 2021, "Measuring the Impact of a Trade Dispute with a Supply-side Shock Using a Supply-driven Input-Output Analysis: Korea-Japan Dispute Case," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 43, issue 1, pages 29-52, DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2021.43.1.29.
• Song, Yeongkwan, 2021, "Trade Liberalization and Manufacturing Productivity Changes in Korea during the Past Three Decades," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 43, issue 1, pages 53-80, DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2021.43.1.53.
• Kim, Dongseok, 2021, "Measuring the Degree of Integration into the Global Production Network by the Decomposition of Gross Output and Imports: Korea 1970-2018," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 43, issue 3, pages 33-53, DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2021.43.3.33.
• Hahn, Chin Hee & Choi, Yong-Seok, 2021, "Learning-to-export Effect as a Response to Export Opportunities: Micro-evidence from Korean Manufacturing," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), volume 43, issue 4, pages 1-21, DOI: 10.23895/kdijep.2021.43.4.1.
• Eppinger, Peter S. & Neugebauer, Katja, 2021, "External financial dependence and firms' crisis performance across Europe," University of Tübingen Working Papers in Business and Economics, University of Tuebingen, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, School of Business and Economics, number 141, DOI: 10.15496/publikation-52772.
• Navarro, Leandro, 2021, "Multinational firms' organisational dynamics: Competition intensity and the ownership decision under uncertainty," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242389.
• Rindler, Michael, 2021, "Changing Language Skills and Trade in Europe," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242449.
• Schetter, Ulrich, 2021, "A Structural Ranking of Economic Complexity," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242451.
• Längle, Katharina & Xu, Ankai & Tian, Ruijie, 2021, "Assessing the supply chain effect of natural disasters: Evidence from Chinese manufacturers," WTO Staff Working Papers, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division, number ERSD-2021-13, DOI: 10.30875/6862e2a3-en.
• Rubínová, Stela & Sebti, Mehdi, 2021, "The WTO Global Trade Costs Index and its determinants," WTO Staff Working Papers, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division, number ERSD-2021-6, DOI: 10.30875/29ba5a43-en.
• Jaan Masso & Priit Vahter, 2021, "Joining And Exiting The Value Chain Of Multinationals And The Performance Of Suppliers: Evidence From Inter-Firm Transaction Data," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia), number 136.
• Steven G. Livingston, 2021, "2021 Foreign Investment into Tennessee," Global Commerce, Middle Tennessee State University, Business and Economic Research Center, volume 27, issue 5, pages 1-2.
• Steven G. Livingston, 2021, "Tennessee Trade Report 1st Quarter 2021," Global Commerce, Middle Tennessee State University, Business and Economic Research Center, volume 27, issue 1, pages 1-1.
• Steven G. Livingston, 2021, "Tennessee Trade Report 2nd Quarter 2021," Global Commerce, Middle Tennessee State University, Business and Economic Research Center, volume 27, issue 2, pages 1-1.
• Steven G. Livingston, 2021, "Tennessee Trade Report 3rd Quarter 2021," Global Commerce, Middle Tennessee State University, Business and Economic Research Center, volume 27, issue 3, pages 1-1.
• Steven G. Livingston, 2021, "Tennessee Trade Report 4th Quarter 2021," Global Commerce, Middle Tennessee State University, Business and Economic Research Center, volume 27, issue 4, pages 1-1.
• Kristie Briggs & Margaret Knight & Desarae Mueller-Fichepain, 2021, "The Linder Hypothesis and Trade of Intellectual Property Services," Journal of Economic Insight, Missouri Valley Economic Association, volume 47, issue 2, pages 27-52.
• Alan de Bromhead & Alan Fernihough & Markus Lampe & Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, 2021, "Four Great Asian Trade Collapses," Working Papers, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Social Science, number 20210063, Apr, revised Apr 2021.
• Emine Boz & Camila Casas & Georgios Georgiadis & Gita Gopinath & Helena Le Mezo & Arnaud Mehl & Tra Nguyen, 2021, "Patterns of Invoicing Currency in Global Trade: New Evidence," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2021".
• Sandro Steinbach, 2021, "Exchange Rate Volatility and Global Food Supply Chains," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains".
• Sunghun Lim, 2021, "Global Agricultural Value Chains and Structural Transformation," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains".
• Shawn Arita & Jason Grant & Sharon Sydow & Jayson Beckman, 2021, "Has Global Agricultural Trade Been Resilient under COVID-19? Findings from an Econometric Assessment of 2020," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains".
• Rafael Dix-Carneiro & Pinelopi K. Goldberg & Costas Meghir & Gabriel Ulyssea, 2021, "Trade and Domestic Distortions: the Case of Informality," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28391, Jan.
• Banu Demir & Ana Cecília Fieler & Daniel Xu & Kelly Kaili Yang, 2021, "O-Ring Production Networks," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28433, Feb.
• Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider & Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, 2021, "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28616, Mar.
• Mary Amiti & Matthieu Gomez & Sang Hoon Kong & David Weinstein, 2021, "Trade Protection, Stock-Market Returns, and Welfare," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28758, May.
• Kirill Borusyak & Xavier Jaravel, 2021, "The Distributional Effects of Trade: Theory and Evidence from the United States," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28957, Jun.
• Sharat Ganapati & Woan Foong Wong & Oren Ziv, 2021, "Entrepôt: Hubs, Scale, and Trade Costs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29015, Jul.
• Lorenzo Caliendo & Fernando Parro, 2021, "Trade Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29051, Jul.
• Jonathan Eaton & Marcela Eslava & David Jinkins & C. J. Krizan & James R. Tybout, 2021, "A Search and Learning Model of Export Dynamics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29100, Jul.
• Benny Kleinman & Ernest Liu & Stephen J. Redding, 2021, "Dynamic Spatial General Equilibrium," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29101, Jul.
• Douglas A. Irwin & Anson Soderbery, 2021, "Optimal Tariffs and Trade Policy Formation: U.S. Evidence from the Smoot-Hawley Era," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29115, Jul.
• George A. Alessandria & Shafaat Y. Khan & Armen Khederlarian & Kim J. Ruhl & Joseph B. Steinberg, 2021, "Trade-Policy Dynamics: Evidence from 60 Years of U.S.-China Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29122, Aug.
• Sandro Steinbach, 2021, "Exchange Rate Volatility and Global Food Supply Chains," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29164, Aug.
• Sunghun Lim, 2021, "Global Agricultural Value Chains and Structural Transformation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29194, Aug.
• Philippe Aghion & Antonin Bergeaud & Matthieu Lequien & Marc Melitz & Thomas Zuber, 2021, "Opposing firm-level Responses to the China Shock: Horizontal Competition Versus Vertical Relationships?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29196, Aug.
• Sharat Ganapati & Rebecca McKibbin, 2021, "Markups and Fixed Costs in Generic and Off-Patent Pharmaceutical Markets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29206, Sep.
• A. Kerem Coşar & Banu Demir & Devaki Ghose & Nathaniel Young, 2021, "Road Capacity, Domestic Trade and Regional Outcomes," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29228, Sep.
• Christopher Ksoll & Rocco Macchiavello & Ameet Morjaria, 2021, "Electoral Violence and Supply Chain Disruptions in Kenya's Floriculture Industry," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29297, Sep.
• Kala Krishna & Carlos Salamanca & Yuta Suzuki & Christian Volpe Martincus, 2021, "Learning to Use Trade Agreements," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29319, Oct.
• Davin Chor & Bingjing Li, 2021, "Illuminating the Effects of the US-China Tariff War on China's Economy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29349, Oct.
• James E. Anderson & Praveen Saini, 2021, "Exchange Rates as Trade Frictions: Estimates and Implications for Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29428, Oct.
• Richard Baldwin & Rebecca Freeman, 2021, "Risks and global supply chains: What we know and what we need to know," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29444, Oct.
• Xiaohua Bao & Bruce A. Blonigen & Zhi Yu, 2021, "Cross-Product and Cross-Market Adjustments Within Multiproduct Firms: Evidence from Antidumping Actions," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29521, Nov.
• Shawn Arita & Jason Grant & Sharon S. Sydow & Jayson Beckman, 2021, "Has Global Agricultural Trade Been Resilient Under Covid-19? Findings from an Econometric Assessment of 2020," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29551, Dec.
• Pablo Fajgelbaum & Pinelopi K. Goldberg & Patrick J. Kennedy & Amit Khandelwal & Daria Taglioni, 2021, "The US-China Trade War and Global Reallocations," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29562, Dec.
• Lauren Cohen & Bo Li, 2021, "The Political Economy of Anti-Bribery Enforcement," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29624, Dec.
• Shubin, I., 2021, "Correlation between economic complexity and economic development in different types of Russian regions," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 51, issue 3, pages 144-161, DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2021-51-3-7.
• Izotov, D., 2021, "Assessment of trade intensity of the Russian Far East: Structural approach," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 52, issue 4, pages 143-161, DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2021-52-4-6.
• Volchkova, N., 2021, "Russian exporters in the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 52, issue 4, pages 252-257, DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2021-52-4-14.
• Jiangqin Xu & Jungho Baek, 2021, "On the Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Trade Flows: Evidence from the U.S.-Canada Trade in Forest Products," Journal of Forest Economics, now publishers, volume 36, issue 4, pages 383-406, October, DOI: 10.1561/112.00000535.
• Agarwal, Manmohan & Betai, Neha, 2021, "Intra-Industry Trade in Manufactured Goods: A Case of India," Working Papers, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, number 21/348, Aug.
• Marilyn Thomas & Luke Weston, 2021, "Trade asymmetries: Research outputs from a model-based approach to reconciling asymmetries in UK trade in services data," Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE) Technical Reports, Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE), number ESCOE-TR-09, Feb.
• Iskra Christova-Balkanska, 2021, "COVID-19 Implications on Global Value Chains in Bulgaria and Romania," Global Economic Observer, "Nicolae Titulescu" University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences;Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy, volume 9, issue 1, pages 39-47, June.
• Eduard Marinov, 2021, "Bulgarian International Trade in the 2004-2019 Period," Ikonomiceski i Sotsialni Alternativi, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 1, pages 48-63, March.
• Norihiko Yamano & Joaquim Guilhoto & Ali Alsamawi & Colin Webb & Peter Horvát & Agnès Cimper & Carmen Zürcher & Xue Han, 2021, "Development of the OECD Inter Country Input-Output Database 2021," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 2021/14, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/71ada7d2-en.
• Christine Arriola & Przemyslaw Kowalski & Frank van Tongeren, 2021, "The impact of COVID-19 on directions and structure of international trade," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 252, Sep, DOI: 10.1787/0b8eaafe-en.
• Andrea Andrenelli & Javier López González, 2021, "3D printing and International Trade: What is the evidence to date?," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 256, Nov, DOI: 10.1787/0de14497-en.
• Annabelle Mourougane & Sebastian Benz & Frédéric Gonzales, 2021, "Services trade in the United Kingdom and the global economy," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 257, Nov, DOI: 10.1787/b602b468-en.
• Dana-Teodora MIERLUÈš & Adriana GIURGIU, 2021, "The Principal Factors That Drive The Economic Competitiveness," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 30, issue 2, pages 427-434, December.
• Chilosi, David & Nikolic, Stefan, 2021, "Vanishing borders: ethnicity and trade costs at the origin of the Yugoslav market," SocArXiv, Center for Open Science, number fsmch, Jun, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/fsmch.
• Feicheng Wang & Zhe Liang & Hartmut Lehmann, 2021, "Import Competition and Informal Employment: Empirical Evidence from China," Working Papers, Leibniz Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies), number 392, Sep.
• Fabien Forge & Jason Garred & Kyae Lim Kwon, 2021, "When are Tariff Cuts Not Enough? Heterogeneous Effects of Trade Preferences for the Least Developed Countries," Working Papers, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics, number 2106E.
• Thiemo Fetzer & Carlo Schwarz, 2021, "Tariffs and Politics: Evidence from Trump’s Trade Wars," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 131, issue 636, pages 1717-1741.
• Michael Koch & Ilya Manuylov & Marcel Smolka, 2021, "Robots and Firms," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 131, issue 638, pages 2553-2584.
• Alessandro Borin & Elisa Macchi & Michele Mancini, 2021, "EU transfers and euroscepticism: can’t buy me love?," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, volume 36, issue 106, pages 237-286.
• Pierre-Louis Vézina, 2021, "The Oil Nouveau-Riche and Arms Imports," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, volume 30, issue 4, pages 349-369.
• Adam Jakubik & Victor Stolzenburg, 2021, "The ‘China Shock’ revisited: insights from value added trade flows," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 21, issue 1, pages 67-95.
• Giuseppe Berlingieri & Frank Pisch & Claudia Steinwender, 2021, "Organizing Global Supply Chains: Input-Output Linkages and Vertical Integration," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, volume 19, issue 3, pages 1816-1852.
• Raymond Fisman & Eric Hardy & Sergey Mityakov, 2021, "Transparency, Contracting Frictions, and Trade: Evidence across Firms," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, volume 37, issue 3, pages 637-680.
• Emmanuel Dhyne & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Magne Mogstad & Felix Tintelnot, 2021, "Trade and Domestic Production Networks," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 88, issue 2, pages 643-668.
• Douglas L Campbell & Karsten Mau, 2021, "On “Trade Induced Technical Change: The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT, and Productivity”
  [Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from US Patents]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 88, issue 5, pages 2555-2559.
• Nicholas Bloom & Mirko Draca & John Van Reenen, 2021, "A Reply to Campbell and Mau
  [Trade Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT and Productivity]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 88, issue 5, pages 2560-2563.
• Muhammad Farooq Ahmad & Eric de Bodt & Jarrad Harford & David Denis, 2021, "International Trade and the Propagation of Merger Waves," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 34, issue 10, pages 4876-4925.
• Maria Girip & Daniela Maracine & Lacramioara Alina Dracea, 2021, "The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Romania’s Trade Balance," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 311-318, August.
• Veronica Bulat & Irina Calugareanu, 2021, "The Aim of Primary and Secondary Sources in International Supply Chain Selection Process," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 608-617, December.
• Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider & Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, 2021, "The Smoot-Hawley Trade War," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number _188, Mar.
• Alan de Bromhead & Alan Fernihough & Markus Lampe & Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, 2021, "Four great Asian trade collapses," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number _190, Apr.
• Ali Dadpay & Saleh S. Tabrizy, 2021, "Political Agreements and Exporting Activities: An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of the JCPOA Agreement on Iran’s Exports," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 63, issue 1, pages 147-180, March, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-020-00136-x.
• Chingunjav Amarsanaa & Yoshinori Kurokawa, 2021, "The Extensive Margin of International Trade in a Transition Economy: The Case of Mongolia," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 63, issue 4, pages 648-673, December, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-021-00168-x.
• Marcel P. Timmer & Bart Los & Robert Stehrer & Gaaitzen J. Vries, 2021, "Supply Chain Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 69, issue 4, pages 656-680, December, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-021-00134-8.
• Marcel P. Timmer & Bart Los & Robert Stehrer & Gaaitzen J. Vries, 2021, "Correction to: Supply Chain Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 69, issue 4, pages 681-681, December, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-021-00139-3.
• Werner Roeger & Jan in ’t Veld, 2021, "The Economic Impact of Single Market Membership on the EU Enlargement Countries," Studies in Economic Transition, Palgrave Macmillan, chapter 0, in: Michael Landesmann & István P. Székely, "Does EU Membership Facilitate Convergence? The Experience of the EU's Eastern Enlargement - Volume II", DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57702-5_2.
• Jayant Menon, 2021, "ASEAN s limited regional Integration spells globalisation, not Failure," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2021-02.
• Glyn Wittwer & Kym Anderson, 2021, "COVID-19 and global beverage markets: Implications for wine," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2021-12.
• Kimie Harada & Shuhei Nishitateno, 2021, "Measuring trade creation effects of free trade agreements: Evidence from wine trade in East Asia," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2021-13.
• Krisna Gupta, 2021, "The heterogeneous impact of tariff and non-tariff measures on total factor productivity on Indonesia firms," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2021-21.
• Fernando Morales & Martha Denisse Pierola & Dennis Sanchez-Navarro, 2021, "Import Competition in the Manufacturing Sector in Peru: Its Impact on Informality and Wages," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, volume 44, issue 88, pages 45-75.
• Mario D. Tello, 2021, "Cadenas Globales de Valor de Exportación de los Países de la Comunidad Andina," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, number 2021-499, DOI: 10.18800/2079-8474.0499.
• Dagmara Nikulin & Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz & Aleksandra Parteka, 2021, "GVC and wage dispersion. Firm-level evidence from employee–employer database," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, volume 16, issue 2, pages 357-375, June, DOI: 10.24136/eq.2021.013.
• Aleksandra Kordalska & Magdalena Olczyk, 2021, "New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, volume 12, issue 1, pages 35-52, March, DOI: 10.24136/oc.2021.002.
• Iwona Markowicz & Pawel Baran, 2021, "Mirror data asymmetry in international trade by commodity group:the case of intra-Community trade," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, volume 12, issue 4, pages 889-905, December, DOI: 10.24136/oc.2021.029.
• Adrian R. Mendoza, 2021, "Disruptions in global value chains due to COVID-19: stylized facts and policy lessons," Philippine Review of Economics, University of the Philippines School of Economics and Philippine Economic Society, volume 58, issue 1 and 2, pages 214-240, June and .
• Julian Hinz & Amrei Stammann & Joschka Wanner, 2021, "State Dependence and Unobserved Heterogeneity in the Extensive Margin of Trade," CEPA Discussion Papers, Center for Economic Policy Analysis, number 36, Jul, DOI: 10.25932/publishup-51191.
• Taguchi, Hiroyuki, 2021, "Participations in global value chains and service-link costs in emerging ASEAN economies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 105268.
• Bakari, Sayef, 2021, "Are Domestic Investments in Spain a Source of Economic Growth?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 105526, Jan.
• Benzid, Lamia & Bakari, Sayef, 2021, "Modeling the Asymmetric Relationship between the Covid-19 and the U.S Dollar Exchange Rate: an Empirical Analysis via the NARDL Approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 105566.
• Yousefi, Kowsar & Vesal, Mohammad, 2021, "The Double Dividend of a Joint Tariff and VAT Reform: Evidence from Iran," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107377, Apr.
• Obeng, Camara Kwasi & Mwinlaaru, Peter Yeltulme & Ofori, Isaac Kwesi, 2021, "Global Value Chain Participation and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107761, May.
• Kuikeu, Oscar, 2021, "De l’épidémiologie à l’économie: de la stratégie de riposte contre le nouveau Coronavirus à l’initiative covax
  [From epidemiology to economy: to the national strategy against covid-19 to the covax initiative]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107918, May.
• Taguchi, Hiroyuki, 2021, "Manufacturing exports after the lifting of economic sanctions in Myanmar," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107956, May.
• Rikhotso, Prayer & Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo, 2021, "Exchange rate misalignments and current accounts in BRICS countries," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107973, May.
• Masood, Amjad, 2021, "Anatomy of the trade-effect of regional trade agreements and agenda for future research," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108284.
• Ofori, Isaac K., 2021, "Towards Building Shared Prosperity in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Does the Effect of Economic Integration Compare to Social Equity Policies?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108617.
• Ofori, Isaac K. & Armah, Mark K. & Asmah, Emmanuel E., 2021, "Towards the Reversal of Poverty and Income Inequality Setbacks Due to COVID-19: The Role of Globalisation and Resource Allocation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108619.
• Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Leogrande, Angelo, 2021, "Estimation and Machine Learning Prediction of Imports of Goods in European Countries in the Period 2010-2019," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108663, Jul, revised 05 Jul 2021.
• Bakari, Sayef, 2021, "Reinvest the relationship between exports and economic growth in African countries: New insights from innovative econometric methods," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108785.
• Tchoffo, Rodrigue, 2021, "Design of a Covid-19 model for environmental impact: From the partial equilibrium to the Computable General Equilibrium model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108920, Jul, revised 27 Jul 2021.
• Itakura, Ken & Lee, Hiro, 2021, "Should the United States Rejoin the Trans-Pacific Trade Deal?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109133, Jun.
• Nizam, Ahmed Mehedi, 2021, "Redistribution of wealth through cross border financial transactions: A closer look," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109374, Aug.
• McCully, Brett, 2021, "Immigrants, Legal Status, and Illegal Trade," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109610, Jul.
• Masood, Amjad & Ahmed, Junaid & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada, 2021, "Gravity of Covid-19," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109651, Sep.
• Taguchi, Hiroyuki, 2021, "The turning point of global value chain's Position: The case of emerging East Asian economies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109795.
• Fraser, Benjamin, 2021, "Services Trade Modelling: DIT Analysis Working Paper," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 110321, Aug.
• Obiakor, Rowland & Okwu, Andy & Akpa, Emeka, 2021, "Terms of Trade, Trade Openness and Government Spending in Nigeria," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 110977, Sep.
• Zhang, Yan & Bai, Zhuoran & Findaly, Christopher, 2021, "Value-added Tax Reform and Services Exports: Evidence from China," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 111184, Dec, revised 2021.
• Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim, 2021, "Internalization of Externalities in International Trade," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 111935, Sep.
• Dahmani, Mounir, 2021, "Impact de la diversification des exportations sur la croissance économique: Cas de la Tunisie
  [Impact of export diversification on economic growth: case of Tunisia]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 112225, revised 2021.
• Frank, Luis, 2021, "Nota metodológica sobre la proyección de exportaciones de productos agro-industriales. Revisión 2021
  [Methodological note on the projection of exports of agri-industrial products. 2021 review]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 112283, Jun.
• Walkenhorst, Peter, 2021, "Disability, Empathy and Trade: Evidence from Small-Scale Cross-Border Transactions in Uganda," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 112796, Dec.
• Mahmood, Asif & Zahoor, Muhammad Awais, 2021, "Role of Global Value Chains and Exchange Rate: An Empirical Examination in case of Pakistan," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 115958, Oct.
• Bruscatto Bortoluzzo, Adriana & Campos, Camila F S & Cavalcanti, Juliana, 2021, "Export Upgrading and FDI: New Evidence from Brazil," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 116076.
• Khorana, Sangeeta & Caram, Santiago & Biagetti, Marco, 2021, "Developmental relevance of Everything but Arms: Implications for Bangladesh after LDC graduation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 116258, May.
• Şanlı, Devran, 2021, "Kırılgan Ekonomilerde Döviz Kuru Oynaklığının Dış Ticaret Üzerine Etkisi
  [The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Trade in Fragile Economies]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122698, May.
• Oziengbe Scott Aigheyisi, 2021, "Threshold Effects of Import Dependence of Economic Growth in Nigeria," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, volume 15, issue 2, pages 198-219.
• Filip Pastucha, 2021, "Analysis of the export and import function of the Czech Republic: aggregate and structural view
  [Analýza exportní a importní funkce ČR - agregovaný a strukturální pohled]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2021, issue 2, pages 5-26, DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.560.
• Seren Ozsoy & Burcu Fazlioglu & Sinan Esen, 2021, "Do FDI and Patents Drive Sophistication of Exports? A Panel Data Approach," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2021, issue 2, pages 216-244, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.755.
• Seymur Ağazade, 2021, "Service Exports and Productivity: Evidence from OECD Panel Data," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2021, issue 3, pages 298-321, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1319.
• Jie Bai & Maggie X. Chen & Jin Liu & Xiaosheng Mu & Daniel Yi Xu, 2021, "Search and Information Frictions on Global E-Commerce Platforms: Evidence from AliExpress," Working Papers, Princeton University. Economics Department., number 2021-11, Sep.
• Benny Kleinman & Ernest Liu & Stephen J. Redding, 2021, "Dynamic Spatial General Equilibrium," Working Papers, Princeton University. Economics Department., number 2021-31, Oct.
• Miguel Almunia & Pol Antrà s & David Lopez-Rodriguez & Eduardo Morales, 2021, "Venting Out: Exports During a Domestic Slump," Working Papers, Princeton University. Economics Department., number 2021-83, Jan.
• Jan Hagemejer & Jan Jakub Michałek & Karolina Pawlak, 2021, "Trade Implications of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership for Poland’s Agri-Food Trade," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, volume 13, issue 1, pages 75-103, March.
• Basil Oberholzer, 2021, "Managing commodity booms: Dutch disease and economic performance," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, volume 74, issue 299, pages 307-323.
• Ana Catarina Pimenta & Carlos Melo Gouveia & João Amador, 2021, "COVID-19, Lockdowns and International Trade: Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202114.
• Wisarut Suwanprasert, 2021, "Exchange Rate Volatility and Cross–Border Travel: Theory and Empirics," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 158, Aug.
• Tosapol Apaitan & Pym Manopimoke & Nuwat Nookhwun & Jettawat Pattararangrong, 2021, "Heterogeneity in Exchange Rate Pass-through to Import Prices in Thailand: Evidence from Micro Data," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 167, Nov.
• Shahrzad Safaeimanesh & Glenn P. Jenkins, 2021, "Trade Facilitation and its Impacts on the Economic Welfare and Sustainable Development of the ECOWAS Region," Development Discussion Papers, JDI Executive Programs, number 2021-04, Jan.
• Shahrzad Safaeimanesh & Glenn P. Jenkins, 2021, "Estimation of the potential economic welfare gains to SACU from trade facilitation," Development Discussion Papers, JDI Executive Programs, number 2021-10, Aug.
• Glenn Jenkins & Shahrzad Safaeimanesh, 2021, "Estimation of the Potential Economic Welfare Gains to SACU from Trade Facilitation," Working Paper, Economics Department, Queen's University, number 1462, Aug.
• Mauricio Vaz Lobo Bittencourt & Paula Andrea Mosquera Agudelo, 2021, "The impacts of the exchange rate volatility on colombian trade with its main trade partners," EconoQuantum, Revista de Economia y Finanzas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas, Departamento de Metodos Cuantitativos y Maestria en Economia., volume 18, issue 2, pages 57-81, Julio-Dic.
• Carl Gaigné & Bruno Larue & Wendkouni Jean-Baptiste Zongo, 2021, "On export duration puzzles," Working Papers SMART, INRAE UMR SMART, number 21-10.
• Carl Gaigné & Anne-Célia Disdier & Cristina Herghelegiu, 2021, "Do Standards Improve the Quality of Traded Products?," Working Papers SMART, INRAE UMR SMART, number 21-11.
• Castellares, Renzo, 2021, "El impacto del Tipo de Cambio Real en las Exportaciones no Tradicionales a partir de Microdatos: evidencia para Perú y Chile," Working Papers, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, number 2021-002, Mar.
• Bräuer, Richard & Hungerland, Wolf-Fabian & Kersting, Felix, 2021, "Trade Shocks, Labor Markets and Elections in the First Globalization," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition, number 285, Oct.
• Dueñas, Marco & Ortiz, Víctor & Riccaboni, Massimo & Serti, Francesco, 2021, "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Trade: a Machine Learning Counterfactual Analysis," Working papers, Red Investigadores de Economía, number 79, Apr.
• Kaitila, Ville, 2021, "Cost Competitiveness and Export Performance," ETLA Brief, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 95, Mar.
• Jong Woo Kang & Tengfei Wang & Dorothea Ramizo, 2021, "The Role of Technology in Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce: Evidence from Asia," ADB Economics Working Paper Series, Asian Development Bank, number 632, Feb.
• Shujiro Urata & Youngmin Baek, 2021, "Does GVC Participation Improve Firm Productivity? A Study of Three Developing Asian Countries," ADBI Working Papers, Asian Development Bank Institute, number 1245, Mar.
• Noor Ahmed Khoso & Sheraz Rajput & Tariq Aziz & Akseer Hussain & Agha Jahanzeb, 2021, "Trade Openness and Income Inequality: Fresh Evidence Based on Different Inequality Measures," Asian Journal of Applied Economics/ Applied Economics Journal, Kasetsart University, Faculty of Economics, Center for Applied Economic Research, volume 28, issue 2, pages 63-81.
• Dina Salimova & Yuri Ponomarev, 2021, "Transport infrastructure and geography of regional export in Russia," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 63, pages 51-75.
• Zühal KURUL, 2021, "The Effects of Financial Development on Trade Openness: Evidence from Panel Threshold Regression Models," Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, BETA Journals, volume 6, issue 1, pages 53-68.
• Şahin NAS, 2021, "The Import Dependency of Intermediate Input and Final Demand in the MINT Countries: Input-Output Analysis," Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, BETA Journals, volume 6, issue 1, pages 69-95.
• Zornitsa Kutlina-Dimitrova & José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche, 2021, "The impact of COVID-19 on exports related jobs," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission, number 2021-1, Sep.
• Mian Dai & Gabriel Felbermayr & Aleksandra Kirilakha & Constantinos Syropoulos & Erdal Yalcin & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "Timing the Impact of Sanctions on Trade," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-7, Jan.
• Tamara Gurevich & Peter Herman & Farid Toubal & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "One Nation, One Language? Domestic Language Diversity, Trade and Welfare," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-8, Jan.
• Mario Larch & Serge Shikher & Costas Syropoulos & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "Quantifying the Impact of Economic Sanctions on International Trade in the Energy and Mining Sectors," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-9, Jan.
• Aleksandra Kirilakha & Gabriel Felbermayr & Constantinos Syropoulos & Erdal Yalcin & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "The Global Sanctions Data Base: An Update that Includes the Years of the Trump Presidency," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-10, Feb.
• Gabriel Felbermayr & T. Clifton Morgan & Constantinos Syropoulos & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "Understanding Economic Sanctions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Theory and Evidenc," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-11, Mar.
• Yoto Yotov, 2021, "The Variation of Gravity within Countries," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-12, Apr.
• Mario Larch & Shawn Tan & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "A simple method to quantify the ex-ante effects of “deep” trade liberalization and “hard” trade protection," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-14, Jul.
• Mario Larch & Jeff Luckstead & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "Economic Sanctions and Agricultural Trade," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-16, Nov.
• Rebecca Freeman & Mario Larch & Angelos Theodorakopoulos & Yoto Yotov, 2021, "Unlocking New Methods to Estimate Country-specific Trade Costs and Trade Elasticitie," School of Economics Working Paper Series, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, number 2021-17, Nov.
• Julia Grübler & Oliver Reiter, 2021, "Non-Tariff Trade Policy in the Context of Deep Trade Integration: An Ex-Post Gravity Model Application to the EU-South Korea Agreement," East Asian Economic Review, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, volume 25, issue 1, pages 33-71, DOI: 10.11644/KIEP.EAER.2021.25.1.390.
• Markos Farag & Chahir Zaki, 2021, "On the Determinants of Trade in Natural Gas: A Political Economy Approach," EWI Working Papers, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI), number 2021-8, Nov.
• Diego Andrés Peñaranda Molina, 2021, "Determinantes de la diversificación de exportaciones en Sudamérica: un análisis con datos de panel," Documentos de trabajo, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana, number 3/2021, Jun.
• T.A. Ijaiya & G.T. Ijaiya & M.A. Ijaiya, 2021, "AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AfCFTA) AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLORATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES," Ilorin Journal of Economic Policy, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, volume 8, issue 3, pages 21-35.
• Andreas Waldkirch, 2021, "Firms around the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 1, pages 3-19.
• Nathapornpan Piyaareekul Uttama, 2021, "Is Trade in COVID-19 Products in ASEAN Economies a Building or Stumbling Block?," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 1, pages 46-64.
• George K. Zestos & Yixiao Jiang & Clifton Painter, 2021, "Determinants of German and Japanese Exports: A Comparative Study," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 3, pages 339-371.
• Son Tung Ha & Thi Hong Hanh Pham & Thi Nguyet AnhNguyen, 2021, "Stock Market Reactions to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership’s Approval: Evidence from Vietnam," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 3, pages 462-490.
• Jieun Choi & Emiko Fukase & Albert G. Zeufack, 2021, "Global Value Chain Participation, Competition, and Markups: Evidence from Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 3, pages 491-517.
• Mamadou Thiam & Jean-Claude Kouakou Brou & Benur Andrade Varela, 2021, "Export Restrictions and COVID-19," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 4, pages 519-548.
• Mohamedou Nasser dine & Tengku Munawar Chalil, 2021, "Impact of Backward Linkages and Domestic Contents of Exports on Labor Productivity and Employment: Evidence from Japanese Industrial Data," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 36, issue 4, pages 607-625.
• Bawoo Kim & Yunsoo Kim & Kye Hwan Kim, 2021, "Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Impact Pathways in Korea's Industrial Supply Chain," i-KIET Issues and Analysis, Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade, number 21/19, Nov.
• Sandy Dall’erba & André Chagas & William Ridley & Yilan Xu & Lilin Yuan, 2021, "Instrumental Variable Network Difference-in-Differences (IV-NDID) Estimator: Model and Application," TD NEREUS, Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS), number 5-2021, Jul.
• Rodion S. Rogulin, 2021, "Assessment of the Implementation of New Digital Technologies in Connection with the Level of Efficiency of Supply Chains in the Context of COVID-19," Economic Consultant, Scientific and Educational Initiative LLC, volume 35, issue 3, pages 5-17.
• Ayberk SEKER & Oktay Kaan HÃœGÃœL, 2021, "How Trade Wars Affect Exports of the Belt and Road Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data Analysis," Management and Economics Review, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, volume 6, issue 1, pages 82-98, June.
• Pramila Crivelli & Stefano Inama & Jonas Kasteng, 2021, "Using Utilization Rates to Identify Rules of Origin Reforms: The Case of EU Free Trade Area Agreements," RSCAS Working Papers, European University Institute, number 2021/21, Mar.
• Cristian Ugarte & Marcelo Olarreaga, 2021, "Can export promotion reduce unemployment?," RSCAS Working Papers, European University Institute, number 2021/65, Aug.
• Sascha Keil, 2021, "The challenging estimation of trade elasticities: Tackling the inconclusive Eurozone evidence," Departmental Working Papers of Economics - University 'Roma Tre', Department of Economics - University Roma Tre, number 0261, Jun.
• Bojosi Morule & Konstantin Makrelov & Neryvia Pillay Bell, 2021, "Fiscal risks and their impact on banks’ capital buffers in South Africa," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 862, Jun.
• Mashekwa Maboshe, 2021, "Corporate taxation and firm-level investment in South Africa," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 863, Jun.
• Mashekwa Maboshe & Matthew Stern & Yash Ramkolowan, 2021, "Differential corporate taxation and inter-asset investment distortions in South Africa," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, number 865, Jul.
• Chandan Kumar & Nalin Bharti, 2021, "Post-SAFTA NTMs for Agricultural Trade: Revelations from the India–South Asia Approach," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 1, pages 117-135, February, DOI: 10.1177/0015732520961309.
• Tonmoy Chatterjee & Nilendu Chatterjee, 2021, "National Defence Under Alternative Trade Policy Regimes: Theory and Evidence from Developing Countries," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 1, pages 31-59, February, DOI: 10.1177/0015732520961346.
• Sunder Ramaswamy & Abishek Choutagunta & Santosh Kumar Sahu, 2021, "Evaluating Asian Free Trade Agreements: What Does Gravity Model Tell Us?," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 1, pages 60-70, February, DOI: 10.1177/0015732520961330.
• Subhasish Das & Amit K. Biswas, 2021, "Trade Mis-Invoicing Between India & USA: An Empirical Exercise," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 1, pages 7-30, February, DOI: 10.1177/0015732520961344.
• Hiroyuki Taguchi & Thet Mon Soe, 2021, "Myanmar’s Manufacturing Exports After the Lifting of Economic Sanctions," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 2, pages 147-164, May, DOI: 10.1177/0015732521995160.
• Fassil Eshetu & Degye Goshu, 2021, "Determinants of Ethiopian Coffee Exports to Its Major Trade Partners: A Dynamic Gravity Model Approach," Foreign Trade Review, , volume 56, issue 2, pages 185-196, May, DOI: 10.1177/0015732520976301.