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Integrity in Mobile Phone Financial Services : Measures for Mitigating Risks from Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre-Laurent Chatain
  • Raúl Hernández-Coss
  • Kamil Borowik
  • Andrew Zerzan

Abstract

This working paper explores strategies to identify and manage potential money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF) risks in mobile financial services (m-FS). Using fieldwork in seven economies as a basis, the paper provides guidance on the best means of assessing perceived versus actual ML and TF risks, and then identifies specific measures to mitigate the actual risks. The paper concludes with recommendations that aim to promote a regulatory balance to foster an enabling environment for business while minimizing ML and TF risks that hinder its sustainability. The paper identifies four risk factors in m-FS and appropriate mitigation responses. The risk factors are anonymity, elusiveness, rapidity, and poor oversight. Anonymity is the risk of not knowing a customer's actual identity, and it can be diminished through enhanced know-your-customer procedures and identification tools. Elusiveness is the ability to disguise mobile transaction totals, origins, and destinations. It can be diminished through transaction limits and enhanced customer profiling, monitoring, and reporting. Rapidity is the speed with which illicit transactions can occur. Its risk is checked by flagging certain types of transactions and managing risks of third-party providers. The fourth type of risk is poor oversight, which can be mitigated by transparent guidelines on mobile services, clearer licensing, regulation of providers, and effective risk supervision within bank and non-bank m-FS providers.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Laurent Chatain & Raúl Hernández-Coss & Kamil Borowik & Andrew Zerzan, 2008. "Integrity in Mobile Phone Financial Services : Measures for Mitigating Risks from Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6530, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:6530
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    1. World Bank, 2006. "World Development Indicators 2006," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 8151, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emiko Todoroki & Matteo Vaccani & Wameek Noor, 2009. "The Canada-Caribbean Remittance Corridor : Fostering Formal Remittances to Haiti and Jamaica through Effective Regulation," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 5947, April.
    2. Matteo Vaccani, 2010. "Alternative Remittance Systems and Terrorism Financing : Issues in Risk Management," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 5916, April.
    3. Kabakova, Oksana & Plaksenkov, Evgeny, 2018. "Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 198-205.
    4. Pierre-Laurent Chatain & Andrew Zerzan & Wameek Noor & Najah Dannaoui & Louis de Koker, 2011. "Protecting Mobile Money against Financial Crimes : Global Policy Challenges and Solutions," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2269, April.
    5. Tonuchi Emmanuel Joseph, 2020. "How to Improve Mobile Money Service Usage and Adoption by Nigerians in the Era of Covid-19," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 10(3), pages 31-52.
    6. Habib Sekrafi & Mehdi Abid & Soufiene Assidi, 2021. "The impact of terrorism on formal and informal economy in African countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1163-1180, January.
    7. Adeline Pelletier & Susanna Khavul & Saul Estrin, 2020. "Innovations in emerging markets: the case of mobile money," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 29(2), pages 395-421.
    8. de Koker, Louis & Jentzsch, Nicola, 2013. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Integrity: Aligned Incentives?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 267-280.
    9. Pelletier, Adeline & Khavul, Susanna & Estrin, Saul, 2019. "Innovations in emerging markets: the case of mobile money," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 101585, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Bonnie Batsirai Mtengwa & Agripah Kandiero & Stanislas Bigirimana, 2021. "Drivers of Mobile Money Services Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of EcoCash," International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR), IGI Global Scientific Publishing, vol. 17(1), pages 1-23, January.

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