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Budget Perspectives 2004

Editor

Listed:
  • Callan, Tim
  • Doris, Aedin
  • McCoy, Daniel

Author

Listed:
  • Lane, Philip

    (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI))

  • McCoy, Selina

    (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI))

  • Smith, Stephen
  • Smyth, Emer

    (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI))

  • Van Soest, Arthur
  • Walsh, John R.

    (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI))

Abstract

Opening Address - Brendan Whelan Assessing Ireland's Fiscal Strategy: Recent Experiments and Future Plans Philip Lane of Trinity College Dublin presents a paper reviewing a number of innovations which have been made by the Minister for Finance in the last four or five years. He considers the National Development Finance Agency whose mission is to optimise the financing of public sector investment projects. While Professor Lane believes that this agency could make a contribution by improving the financial engineering of the public investment programme, he also identifies a number of limitations to its operation. He examines the National Pensions Reserve Fund which was set in 2001 in order to partially pre-fund social welfare and public sector pensions. Some issues are raised with regard to the Fund's current investment strategy and its political sustainability. Professor Lane is strongly opposed to investing the Fund in domestic projects such as Public Private Partnership (PPPs) or domestic securities since such exposure would reduce the diversification of the Fund and leave it open to political pressure. The other innovation he considers is the Special Savings Investment Account Scheme. Introduced in 2001, it was designed to raise national savings levels and has proved extremely popular with over 1.14 million individual accounts opened. The principal defect of the scheme appears to be its high cost to the taxpayer which arises from the fact that the level of matching contribution is set too high. However, this level may have been necessary to kick-start the programme. Finally, Professor Lane addresses the Stability and Growth Pact and suggests that net additions to public investment be excluded from the deficit limit. This recalls the discussion at last year's Budget Perspectives Conference which dealt with the UK's twin investment rules: the golden rule which enjoins Government to borrow only to finance investment and not consumption and the sustainable investment rule which aims to keep net public sector debt at a stable and prudent level. Carbon Tax and Climate Change Strategy This paper is presented by Stephen Smith of University College London and deals with the very topical issue of carbon taxation. Professor Smith outlines the key scientific and economic issues underlying international climate change policy and focuses in particular on a question of great salience for Ireland - the implications of carbon taxation for industrial competitiveness. He shows that applying the concept of "competitiveness" to a whole economy is more complex than applying it to an individual enterprise. The impact of a carbon tax is seen as primarily relative: carbon-intensive sectors will suffer while sectors with low carbon intensity will benefit. Even if the revenue raised by a carbon tax is used to reduce other taxes (taxes on labour are frequently suggested), the author points out that tax burden effects can still arise, as will the costs of environmental compliance. Tax Cuts, Tax Reform and Labour Supply Responses In this session, Tim Callan, Arthur van Soest and John Walsh present the results of some recently completed work on labour supply responses to changes in taxation. This is the first time it has been possible to extend the SWITCH model to go beyond static or first round effects and model in some depth the behavioural responses of individuals. Being based on a nationally representative sample of households, the estimates outlined in this paper will provide reliable guidance to the authorities in reforming the direct taxation system. For example, the results indicate that structural reforms of the tax treatment of husbands and wives seem to have a greater impact on labour supply than simple tax cuts, and can achieve this at lower Exchequer cost. Educational Expenditure: Implications for Equality As well as examining taxation policy and the macro-economic aspects of the Budget, we try in the Budget Perspectives Conferences to focus also on an in-depth assessment of a particular area of expenditure. This year Selina McCoy and Emer Smyth of the ESRI examine expenditure on education. The ESRI has conducted a large body of work on equality issues in education and the authors use this to assess the extent to which expenditure has been successful in reducing inequalities. They show that programmes designed to tackle educational disadvantage are fragmented and may not be sufficient to compensate for pre-existing inequalities. They provide evidence that the benefits of education accrue not only to individuals in terms of improved employment and income levels, but also to the wider society in terms of reduced welfare costs and crime levels. For this reason, they believe that increased educational expenditure, particularly on younger age groups, should remain a priority.

Suggested Citation

  • Lane, Philip & McCoy, Selina & Smith, Stephen & Smyth, Emer & Van Soest, Arthur & Walsh, John R., 2003. "Budget Perspectives 2004," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BMI172 edited by Callan, Tim & Doris, Aedin & McCoy, Daniel.
  • Handle: RePEc:esr:resser:bmi172
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    File URL: https://www.esri.ie/pubs/BKMNINT172.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. McCoy, Selina & Smyth, Emer, 2003. "Educational Expenditure: Implications for Equality," Papers BP2004/4, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    2. Nolan, Brian & Gannon, Brenda & Layte, Richard & Watson, Dorothy & Whelan, Christopher T. & Williams, James, 2002. "Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number PRS45.
    3. Layte, Richard & Maitre, Bernard & Nolan, Brian & Watson, Dorothy & Williams, James & Casey, Barra, 2001. "Monitoring Poverty Trends and Exploring Poverty Dynamics in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number PRS41.
    4. Eric A. Hanushek, 2003. "The Failure of Input-Based Schooling Policies," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 113(485), pages 64-98, February.
    5. Tim Callan, 1992. "Who Benefits from Public Expenditure on Education?," Papers WP032, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    6. Sexton, Jerry & Canny, Angela & Hughes, Gerard, 1996. "Changing Profiles in Occupations and Educational Attainment: FAS/ESRI Manpower Forecasting Studies No. 5," Forecasting Report, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BMI113.
    7. Kevin Denny & Harmon, Harmon & Sandra Redmond, 2000. "Functional literacy, educational attainment and earnings - evidence from the international adult literacy survey," IFS Working Papers W00/09, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    8. Maria Iacovou, 2002. "Class Size in the Early Years: Is Smaller Really Better?," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 261-290.
    9. Callan, Tim & Harmon, Colm, 1999. "The economic return to schooling in Ireland," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 543-550, November.
    10. Richard Layte & Bertrand Maître & Brian Nolan & Dorothy Watson & James Williams & Barra Casey, 2000. "Monitoring Poverty Trends: Results from the 1998 Living in Ireland Survey," Papers WP132, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    11. Olive Sweetman, 2002. "College Attendance, Tutition and Family Income," Economics Department Working Paper Series n1181002, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland - Maynooth.
    12. Hannan, Damian F. & McCoy, Selina & Doyle, Audrey, 2003. "Expanding Post-School Learning Opportunities: Nature and Effects of Growth in Post-School Education/Training in the 1990s," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BMI171.
    13. Emer Smyth, 1999. "Educational Inequalities Among School Leavers in Ireland 1979-1994," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 267-284.
    14. Alan Barrett & Tim Callan & Brian Nolan, 1999. "Returns to education in the Irish youth labour market," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 12(2), pages 313-326.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. O'Connell, Philip J. & Russell, Helen & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Human Resources," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    2. Niamh Hardiman & Sebastian Dellepiane, 2010. "European Economic Crisis: Ireland in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 201046, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
    3. Seamus McGuinness & Frances McGinnity & Philip J. O'Connell, 2009. "Changing Returns to Education During a Boom? The Case of Ireland," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 23(s1), pages 197-221, March.
    4. Kelly, Elish & McCoy, Selina & Smyth, Emer & Whelan, Adele & Banks, Joanne, 2014. "Further Education and Training in Ireland: Past, Present and Future," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number rs35 edited by McGuinness, Seamus & Bergin, Adele.
    5. Colin J Hunt, 2011. "The Interaction of Public and Private Capital," Post-Print hal-00675397, HAL.
    6. Gannon, Brenda & Layte, Richard & McGregor, Pat & Madden, David & Nolan, Anne & O'Neill, Ciaran & Smith, Samantha, 2007. "The Provision and Use of Health Services, Health Inequalities and Health and Social Gain," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BMI196 edited by Nolan, Brian.
    7. Matsaganis Manos & Flevotomou Maria, 2008. "A Basic Income for Housing? Simulating a Universal Housing Transfer in the Netherlands and Sweden," Basic Income Studies, De Gruyter, vol. 2(2), pages 1-25, January.
    8. Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John (ed.), 2006. "Ex-ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number PRS59.
    9. Fahey, Tony & Russell, Helen & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Childcare," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    10. Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Summary and Conclusions," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, chapter 24, pages 317-333, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
      • Baker, Terence J. & FitzGerald, John & Honohan, Patrick & FitzGerald, John & Honohan, Patrick, 1996. "Summary and Conclusions," Book Chapters, in: Baker, Terence J. (ed.),Economic Implications for Ireland of EMU, chapter 12, pages 339-352, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    11. Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Productive Sector," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, chapter 20, pages 257-277, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    12. Sebastian Dellepiane & Niamh Hardiman, 2011. "Governing the Irish Economy: A Triple Crisis," Working Papers 201103, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
    13. Tate, Robert & Finlayson, Greg & MacWilliam, Leonard & Wiley, Miriam M. & Morgenroth, Edgar & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Health," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    14. David Madden, 2007. "Tobacco taxes and starting and quitting smoking: does the effect differ by education?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(5), pages 613-627.
    15. Watson, Dorothy & McCoy, Selina & Gorby, Shirley, 2006. "The Post-Leaving Certificate Sector in Ireland: A Multivariate Analysis of Educational and Employment Outcomes," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BMI189.
    16. David (David Patrick) Madden, 2007. "Health interventions and risky behaviour," Working Papers 200709, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    17. Byrne, Delma & Smyth, Emer, 2010. "No Way Back? The Dynamics of Early School Leaving," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BKMNEXT163.
    18. Fahey, Tony & Scott, Susan & FitzGerald, John, 2006. "Sports and Arts," Book Chapters, in: Morgenroth, Edgar (ed.),Ex-Ante Evaluation of the Investment Priorities for the National Development Plan 2007-2013, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).

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