La microfinance : quelles leçons tirées des expériences des pays en développement ?

After a summary of the main achievements in microfinance, the thesis provides an overview of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in developing countries between 2000 and 2009. A thorough study of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa is also proposed. It serves as a prelude to the econometric analysis of the determinants of financial and social performances of MFIs and to the review of the trade-offs between the two objectives in this region. The model is also estimated with data from Latin America and the Caribbean to test, amongst others, its spatial robustness. The results show that despite their strong growth, MFIs remain fragile because of arrears and low profitability. In addition, there is no universal model of microfinance without regional specificities. The commercialization of the sector is called into question because although it does not necessarily lead to social mission drift, it does notimprove financial performance. Finally, the richness of the sector comes from itssegmentation while its weakness is due to its lack of organization, with competition leading to increasing risk rather than product diversification.