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Repercussions of a Raid: Health and Education Outcomes of Children Entangled in Immigration Enforcement

Author

Listed:
  • Carolyn Heinrich
  • Mónica Hernández
  • Mason Shero

Abstract

Interior immigration enforcement in the U.S. has rapidly increased over the past two decades, including increased Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activity and the revival of workplace raids under the Trump administration. We contribute to the body of research that aims to better understand the consequences of immigration enforcement for children in targeted communities, including on their education, health, and socioemotional well‐being. We employ a mixed methods research design to investigate the effects of the sweeping April 2018 Morristown, Tennessee immigration raid on children's health and education outcomes. We utilize linked, longitudinal health and education data on children and a quasi‐experimental design to analyze the effects of the raid on those residing in close proximity to the raid. Interview data from community members and organizations in the affected area aid in better understanding how the raid unfolded and the mechanisms through which a community trauma such as this might affect children both directly and indirectly. Our results indicate negative effects across multiple education and behavioral health outcomes for children of immigrants living in the area targeted by the raid, including a substantial spike in absences from school in the month of the raid and significant increases in exclusionary disciplinary actions and in diagnoses of substance use disorder, depression, self‐harm, suicide attempts or ideation, and sexual abuse in the year following the raid.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolyn Heinrich & Mónica Hernández & Mason Shero, 2023. "Repercussions of a Raid: Health and Education Outcomes of Children Entangled in Immigration Enforcement," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(2), pages 350-392, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:42:y:2023:i:2:p:350-392
    DOI: 10.1002/pam.22443
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. David N. Figlio & Umut Özek, 2025. "The Effects of Immigration Enforcement on Student Outcomes in a New Era of Immigration Policy in the United States," NBER Working Papers 34452, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Lee, Eunju & Dreby, Joanna & Hong, Yeeun & Seng, Tola, 2025. "Childhood immigration enforcement exposure and young adults’ anxiety: A mixed methods study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    3. Herring, Jordan & Barnow, Burt, 2025. "Indirect effects of immigration enforcement on health care utilization among lawfully present older Hispanics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 384(C).

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