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Self‐perceived advantages/disadvantages of one's gender and sexual orientation on spousal dementia caregiving

Author

Listed:
  • Brian de Vries
  • Toni Calasanti
  • Jing Geng
  • Sadie Snow

Abstract

Social sciences research has linked the experiences of caregivers to gendered experiences over the life course; a few studies have crossed these findings with sexual orientation, often introducing stigma and other social impacts. We directly asked caregivers themselves about the perceived influences of gender and sexual orientation on their caregiving experiences. Twenty‐three straight women, 15 straight men, 14 lesbian women, and 13 gay men spousal/partner dementia caregivers were interviewed about their caregiving experiences, including the advantages and disadvantages of their gender and sexual orientation in caring for their spouse/partner; these interviews were recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed. Four superordinate themes accounted for advantages, and the same number of comparable themes were found for disadvantages; together, these represent: empathy and emotional expression; bridging household management and relationship tasks; societal factors; and reference to bodies. The synthesis of these findings is illustrative; for example, straight women reported their emotional facility and household management histories as advantages; they also felt burdened and somewhat weighed down by both. Straight men similarly spoke of their emotional reserve as both an advantage and disadvantage—and similarly referencing household management (not trained in the former case, not prepared in the latter). Gay men and lesbians noted the stigma and discrimination that colored their caregiving experiences; they also saw how these struggles became strengths. These data help reinforce and animate existing interpretations of caregiver behaviors, add new nuance and perspective, and offer detail for policy and practice interventions rooted in gender and sexual orientation identities. 社会科学研究已将照护者的经历与生命历程中的性别经历联系起来;少数研究将这些发现与性取向相结合, 但往往会引入污名化和其他社会影响。我们直接询问了照护者本人, 了解性别和性取向对其照护经历的感知影响。我们采访了23名异性恋女性、15名异性恋男性、14名女同性恋者和13名男同性恋者, 他们均为配偶/伴侣的痴呆症照护者, 访谈内容包括他们的照护经历, 以及在照护配偶/伴侣时, 其性别和性取向的优势和劣势;这些访谈被录音、转录并进行内容分析。四个主要主题解释了优势, 同样数量的类似主题也解释了劣势;这些主题共同代表:同理心和情感表达;平衡家务管理和人际关系任务;社会因素;以及对身体的认知。这些综合发现具有启发性;例如, 异性恋女性将她们的情感能力和家务管理经验视为优势;她们也感到负担沉重, 并因此感到不堪重负。异性恋男性同样认为他们的情感内敛既是优势也是劣势——他们也同样提到了家务管理 (前者是因为缺乏相关培训, 后者是因为准备不足) 。男同性恋和女同性恋者注意到, 他们的照护经历深受污名化和歧视的影响;他们也看到了这些困境如何转化为自身的力量。这些数据有助于强化和丰富对照护者行为的现有解读, 增添新的细微性和视角, 并为基于性别和性取向认同的政策和实践干预措施提供细节。 La investigación en ciencias sociales ha vinculado las experiencias de los cuidadores con las experiencias de género a lo largo de la vida; algunos estudios han combinado estos hallazgos con la orientación sexual, lo que a menudo introduce estigma y otros impactos sociales. Preguntamos directamente a los propios cuidadores sobre las influencias percibidas del género y la orientación sexual en sus experiencias de cuidado. Veintitrés mujeres heterosexuales, 15 hombres heterosexuales, 14 mujeres lesbianas y 13 hombres gays cuidadores de personas con demencia, pertenecientes a su cónyuge/pareja, fueron entrevistados sobre sus experiencias de cuidado, incluyendo las ventajas y desventajas de su género y orientación sexual al cuidar a su cónyuge/pareja. Estas entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas en su contenido. Cuatro temas superordinados explicaron las ventajas y el mismo número de temas comparables se encontraron como desventajas; en conjunto, estos representan: empatía y expresión emocional; vinculación entre la gestión del hogar y las tareas relacionales; factores sociales; y referencia a los cuerpos. La síntesis de estos hallazgos es ilustrativa; por ejemplo, las mujeres heterosexuales reportaron su facilidad emocional y su historial de gestión del hogar como ventajas; también se sintieron agobiadas y algo agobiadas por ambos. Los hombres heterosexuales también hablaron de su reserva emocional como una ventaja y una desventaja, y de igual manera hicieron referencia a la gestión del hogar (sin formación en el primer caso, sin preparación en el segundo). Los hombres gay y las lesbianas señalaron el estigma y la discriminación que influyen en sus experiencias de cuidado; también vieron cómo estas dificultades se convirtieron en fortalezas. Estos datos ayudan a reforzar y fortalecer las interpretaciones existentes sobre el comportamiento de los cuidadores, aportan nuevos matices y perspectivas, y ofrecen detalles para las intervenciones políticas y prácticas basadas en las identidades de género y orientación sexual.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian de Vries & Toni Calasanti & Jing Geng & Sadie Snow, 2025. "Self‐perceived advantages/disadvantages of one's gender and sexual orientation on spousal dementia caregiving," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 4(2), pages 95-108, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:eldpol:v:4:y:2025:i:2:p:95-108
    DOI: 10.1002/jey2.70007
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tony Fang, 2012. "Yin Yang: A New Perspective on Culture," Management and Organization Review, The International Association for Chinese Management Research, vol. 8(1), pages 25-50, March.
    2. repec:plo:pone00:0231848 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Martin Pinquart & Silvia Sörensen, 2003. "Associations of Stressors and Uplifts of Caregiving With Caregiver Burden and Depressive Mood: A Meta-Analysis," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(2), pages 112-128.
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    5. Fang, Tony, 2012. "Yin Yang: A New Perspective on Culture," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(1), pages 25-50, March.
    6. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K.I. & Kim, H.-J. & Barkan, S.E. & Muraco, A. & Hoy-Ellis, C.P., 2013. "Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: Results from a population-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(10), pages 1802-1809.
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