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Mandatory minimum sentencing and its effect on sentencing distributions: Evidence from Canada

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  • Jeffrey Penney
  • Steven Lehrer
  • Emilia Galan

Abstract

Whether judges and prosecutors should be given full discretionary power in sentencing or mandatory minimum sentences be imposed remains a fiercely debated topic. In this paper, we examine the impact of Canada's 2005 introduction of minimum sentences on sexual offences against children and child pornography on the distribution of sentence lengths using administrative data containing the universe of these offences that occurred between 2003 and 2007. We find that the average sentence length for affected crimes at times increased by substantially more than the newly imposed minimum, and effects of the policy appear even in the middle and upper portions of the sentencing distribution. These increases occur immediately following the policy change, signalling that judges and prosecutors quickly change their sentencing behaviour after the implementation of mandatory minimum sentences. These lengthier sentences have significant implications for the estimation of the fiscal costs of minimum sentencing policies. Les peines minimales obligatoires et leurs effets sur la répartition des peines: données probantes du Canada. La question de savoir si les juges et les procureurs devraient disposer d'un pouvoir discrétionnaire total en matière de détermination de la peine ou si des peines minimales obligatoires devraient être imposées reste un sujet âprement débattu. Dans cet article, nous examinons l'incidence de la mise en place par le gouvernement du Canada, en 2005, de peines minimales pour les infractions sexuelles commises à l'égard d'enfants et la pornographie juvénile sur la répartition de la durée des peines en utilisant des données administratives couvrant l'ensemble des infractions de ce type qui se sont produites entre 2003 et 2007. Nous constatons que la durée moyenne des peines pour les crimes concernés a parfois augmenté de façon considérable par rapport au nouveau minimum imposé, et que les effets de la politique transparaissent même dans les parties moyenne et supérieure de la répartition des peines. Ces augmentations surviennent immédiatement après le changement de politique, ce qui indique que les juges et les procureurs modifient rapidement leur comportement en matière de détermination de la peine après la mise en œuvre des peines minimales obligatoires. Ces peines plus longues ont des répercussions importantes sur l'estimation des coûts budgétaires des politiques de peines minimales.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey Penney & Steven Lehrer & Emilia Galan, 2024. "Mandatory minimum sentencing and its effect on sentencing distributions: Evidence from Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 55-77, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:1:p:55-77
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12696
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