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Carbon tax pass‐through in Canadian retail gasoline markets

Author

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  • Can Erutku
  • Vincent Hildebrand

Abstract

A carbon tax's pass‐through is one factor influencing its effectiveness in internalizing the externality created by greenhouse gas emissions. This paper measures the pass‐through of carbon taxes introduced in retail gasoline markets of four Canadian provinces that did not meet the carbon pollution pricing federal benchmark stringency requirements. Those four provinces are Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick. Using daily retail gasoline prices for 40 treated cities and nine control cities we find the pass‐through rates are city‐specific and vary from 0% to over 140%. City‐specific pass‐through rates imply that estimations at a higher level of geographical aggregation assume homogeneous effects where heterogeneous effects might be present. Our results also suggest it would be difficult for a government to impose an optimal and nationwide carbon tax on automotive greenhouse gas emissions. Although the degree of competition can explain city‐specific pass‐through rates, it cannot explain over‐shifting. Over‐shifting can be explained, however, by the demand functional form. Le transfert de la taxe sur le carbone sur les marchés canadiens de l'essence au détail. Le transfert de la taxe sur le carbone est l'un des facteurs qui influent sur son efficacité à internaliser l'effet externe créé par les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Cet article mesure la répercussion des taxes sur le carbone mises en place sur les marchés de l'essence au détail de quatre provinces canadiennes qui n'ont pas satisfait aux exigences de rigueur du modèle du gouvernement fédéral pour la tarification de la pollution par le carbone. Ces quatre provinces sont la Saskatchewan, le Manitoba, l'Ontario et le Nouveau‐Brunswick. En utilisant les prix de détail quotidiens de l'essence de 40 villes ciblées et de neuf villes témoins, nous constatons que les taux de transfert sont propres à chaque ville et varient de 0 % à plus de 140 %. Les taux de transfert propres aux villes signifient que les estimations à un niveau d'agrégation géographique plus élevé supposent des effets homogènes là où des effets hétérogènes pourraient être présents. Nos résultats laissent également croire qu'il serait difficile pour un gouvernement d'imposer une taxe carbone optimale et nationale sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre des véhicules. Bien que le degré de concurrence puisse expliquer les taux de transfert propres à chaque ville, il ne peut pas expliquer le transfert en trop. La forme fonctionnelle de la demande peut toutefois expliquer le transfert en trop.

Suggested Citation

  • Can Erutku & Vincent Hildebrand, 2023. "Carbon tax pass‐through in Canadian retail gasoline markets," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(3), pages 940-963, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:56:y:2023:i:3:p:940-963
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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