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Borders, varieties and distribution costs: Evidence from a US–Canada retail chain

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  • Nicholas Li

Abstract

Using data from a large retailer operating in Canada and the United States, I examine how market size and retailer size at the local and regional levels shape the variety of products available to consumers at a given store. The average Canadian store carries many fewer varieties, and I show that this has a potentially large (negative) effect on consumer welfare for Canadian (vs. American) shoppers. I propose a novel method to quantify the international difference in retail distribution costs and find evidence that they are much higher in Canada. Exploiting intra‐national variation in market and retailer characteristics, I find that up to a quarter of the international variety gap can be explained by observed local and regional market characteristics that lead to larger retail scale in the United States. I also show that retailer scale has independent effects on product variety, conditional on market characteristics, and that manufacturer size and retailer size are substitutes in distribution. Frontières, gammes de produits et coûts de distribution : l'exemple d'une chaîne de magasins au Canada et aux Etats‐Unis. En m'appuyant sur les données d'un détaillant de premier plan opérant à la fois au Canada et aux États‐Unis, j'examine la façon dont la taille du marché ainsi que du détaillant au niveau local et régional façonne l'offre de produits offerts aux consommateurs dans un point de vente donné. Le magasin canadien « ordinaire » propose bien moins de références et je montre que cela a des effets importants et potentiellement négatifs sur le bien‐être des consommateurs canadiens par rapport aux consommateurs américains. Dans cet article, je propose une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer les disparités internationales en matière de coûts de distribution au détail, et je montre que ces derniers sont bien plus élevés au Canada. En exploitant les variations nationales relatives aux caractéristiques du marché et du détaillant, je montre que jusqu'à 25 % des disparités internationales en matière d'offre de produits peuvent s'expliquer par les particularités du marché observées au plan local et régional, conduisant à une vente au détail à plus grande échelle aux États‐Unis. Je montre également qu'en fonction des caractéristiques du marché, l'envergure du détaillant a des effets indépendants sur la gamme de produits offerts, et qu'en matière de distribution, la taille du fabricant et celle du distributeur sont substituables.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Li, 2021. "Borders, varieties and distribution costs: Evidence from a US–Canada retail chain," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 949-985, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:949-985
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanna L. Adam & Mario Larch & David Stadelmann, 2023. "Trade agreements and subnational income of border regions," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 61(4), pages 1034-1052, October.

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