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The impact of inflation targeting: Testing the good luck hypothesis

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  • Federico Ravenna
  • Marcus Mølbak Ingholt

Abstract

Starting in the mid‐1980s, the level and volatility of inflation decreased across industrial countries. The inflation stabilization can be explained by a shift in monetary policy or by a lucky period of low volatility in business cycle shocks. To test the “good luck hypothesis,” we examine the inflation experience of Canada, one of the earliest and most successful adopters of an inflation targeting monetary policy. We Kalman‐filter the historical structural shocks consistent with an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of the Canadian economy. The estimated shocks are used to build counterfactual histories. The good luck hypothesis can explain only a minor portion of the change in the path and volatility of inflation after the shift in policy. Most of inflation and output stabilization is accounted by the impact on expectations. Unconditionally, the inflation targeting policy does not improve on the previous policy in terms of inflation volatility, but supports a more favourable trade‐off, reducing substantially output volatility. Incidence de la politique de ciblage de l’inflation : mise à l’épreuve de l’hypothèse de la chance. Depuis le milieu des années 80, le niveau et la volatilité de l’inflation a décru dans les pays industrialisés. La stabilisation de l’inflation peut s’expliquer soit par un changement de politique monétaire, soit par une période chanceuse de faible instabilité en matière de chocs conjoncturels. Afin de mettre à l’épreuve cette hypothèse de la chance , nous avons analysé l’expérience du Canada, l’un des premiers pays ayant adopté avec succès une politique monétaire de ciblage de l’inflation. En utilisant la méthode de Kalman, nous avons filtré les chocs structurels historiques en conformité avec un modèle estimatif d’équilibre général dynamique stochastique. Les chocs estimés sont utilisés pour développer des scénarios contrefactuels. L’hypothèse de la chance ne peut expliquer qu’une partie négligeable de la réorientation et de la volatilité de l’inflation postérieure à ce changement de politique. La stabilisation de l’inflation et de la production s’explique principalement par l’impact sur les perspectives. En termes de volatilité de l’inflation, une politique de ciblage de l’inflation n’améliore donc pas la politique précédente, mais offre un compromis plus favorable en réduisant considérablement la volatilité de la production.

Suggested Citation

  • Federico Ravenna & Marcus Mølbak Ingholt, 2021. "The impact of inflation targeting: Testing the good luck hypothesis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 443-470, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:443-470
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12488
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    1. Paul Beaudry & Francisco Ruge‐Murcia, 2017. "Canadian inflation targeting," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(5), pages 1556-1572, December.
    2. Cruz, Christopher John, 2022. "Reduced macroeconomic volatility after adoption of inflation targeting: Impulses or propagation?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 759-770.

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    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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