IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ecocul/v17y2020i2p5-12n1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia

Author

Listed:
  • Challoumis Constantinos

    (National Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.K.U.A.), Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Research purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is.Design/Methodology/Approach. The methodology followed in this work is based on the mathematical application of the theory of the cycle of money. Then, the current results have as root the equations of this theory for the examination of the case of Latvia for the period from 2012 to 2017. Beyond the mathematical applications, the R.B.Q. model with the Q.E. method is applied to ensure the credibility of the results. Therefore, we have a real case scenario and a simulation case for the case of Latvia.Findings. The results of the index of the cycle of money to the case of Latvia are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results show, as expected, that Latvia is above the average global value. Latvia’s findings show that it is a well-structured economy and can counteract an economic crisis.Originality/Value/Practical implications. The results are original and show for the first time the cycle of money of Latvia through the application of this theory. This research is the first application of the cycle of money in the case of index calculations. So, it is a completely new concept based on the theory of the cycle of money.

Suggested Citation

  • Challoumis Constantinos, 2020. "Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 17(2), pages 5-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ecocul:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:5-12:n:1
    DOI: 10.2478/jec-2020-0015
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0015
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/jec-2020-0015?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zax, Jeffrey S., 1988. "Fringe benefits, income tax exemptions, and implicit subsides," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 171-183, November.
    2. Alisdair McKay & Emi Nakamura & Jón Steinsson, 2016. "The Power of Forward Guidance Revisited," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(10), pages 3133-3158, October.
    3. Lindé, Jesper & Pescatori, Andrea, 2019. "The macroeconomic effects of trade tariffs: Revisiting the Lerner symmetry result," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 52-69.
    4. Meyer, Bruce D. & Rosenbaum, Dan T., 2000. "Making Single Mothers Work: Recent Tax and Welfare Policy and Its Effects," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 53(4), pages 1027-1062, December.
    5. Ralph Ossa, 2014. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks with Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(12), pages 4104-4146, December.
    6. van Wijnbergen, Sweder, 1987. "Tariffs, Employment and the Current Account: Real Wage Resistance and the Macroeconomics of Protectionism," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 28(3), pages 691-706, October.
    7. Wilson, John D., 1986. "A theory of interregional tax competition," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 296-315, May.
    8. Elizabeth King, 2009. "Transfer Pricing and Corporate Taxation," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-0-387-78183-9, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Constantinos Challoumis, 2021. "Index of the Cycle of Money – the Case of Bulgaria," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 225-234, July.
    2. Wilko Bolt & Kostas Mavromatis & Sweder van Wijnbergen, "undated". "The Global Macroeconomics of a Trade War: The EAGLE model on the US-China trade conflict," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 19-015/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    3. Wilko Bolt & Kostas Mavromatis & Sweder van Wijnbergen, "undated". "The Global Macroeconomics of a Trade War: The EAGLE model on the US-China trade conflict," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 19-015/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    4. Challoumis Constantinos, 2019. "Transfer Pricing Methods for Services and the Policy of Fixed Length Principle," Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 33(1), pages 222-232, January.
    5. Hélène Périvier, 2007. "Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis: une mise en perspective avec la France et la Suède," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-00972845, HAL.
    6. Gordon Jong & Deborah Graefe & Tanja St. Pierre, 2005. "Welfare reform and interstate migration of poor families," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 42(3), pages 469-496, August.
    7. Gary Burtless, 2002. "Can Supply-Side policies Reduce unemployment? Lessons from North America," Australian Journal of Labour Economics (AJLE), Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin Business School, vol. 5(2), pages 115-142, June.
    8. Gunter, Samara, 2013. "State Earned Income Tax Credits and Participation in Regular and Informal Work," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 66(1), pages 33-62, March.
    9. repec:cep:sticas:/126 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Hélène Périvier, 2008. "Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-00973039, HAL.
    11. Jane Waldfogel, 2007. "Welfare Reforms and Child Well-Being in the US and UK," CASE Papers case126, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    12. V. Joseph Hotz & John Karl Scholz, 2006. "Examining the Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on the Labor Market Participation of Families on Welfare," NBER Working Papers 11968, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Donald P. Hirasuna & Thomas F. Stinson, 2007. "Earned income credit utilization by welfare recipients: A case study of Minnesota's earned income credit program," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 125-148.
    14. Francine D. Blau & Anne E. Winkler, 2017. "Women, Work, and Family," NBER Working Papers 23644, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Jeanne, Olivier, 2021. "Currency Wars, Trade Wars and Global Demand," Economics Working Paper Archive 66667, The Johns Hopkins University,Department of Economics.
    16. Craig Gundersen & James Ziliak, 2004. "Poverty and macroeconomic performance across space, race, and family structure," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 41(1), pages 61-86, February.
    17. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/1203 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. John Karl Scholz, 2010. "The Earned Income Tax Credit and the U.S. Low-Wage Labor Market," ESRI Discussion paper series 237, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    19. Wang, Zi, 2020. "Multinational production and corporate taxes: A quantitative assessment," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    20. David T. Ellwood, 1999. "The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements," JCPR Working Papers 124, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    21. Raj Chetty & Adam Guren & Day Manoli & Andrea Weber, 2013. "Does Indivisible Labor Explain the Difference between Micro and Macro Elasticities? A Meta-Analysis of Extensive Margin Elasticities," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 27(1), pages 1-56.
    22. Berthold, Norbert & von Berchem, Sascha, 2002. "Sozialhilfe im wettbewerblichen Föderalismus: Erfahrungen der USA, Lehren für Deutschland," Discussion Paper Series 58, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Chair of Economic Order and Social Policy.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Latvia; the cycle of money; the structure of the economy; index of the cycle of money;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:ecocul:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:5-12:n:1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.