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Does Off-Farm Wage Employment Make Women in Rural Senegal Happy?

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  • Goedele Van den Broeck
  • Miet Maertens

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of wage employment on women’s well-being in the Senegalese horticultural export industry. It uses a subjective well-being approach, based on self-reported happiness, to capture income and non-income aspects of employment. The study uses original survey data from 2013 for the Saint-Louis region in Senegal and an instrumental variable approach, supported by information from focus group discussions. It finds that women’s employment improves subjective well-being for the poorest women, but not for women whose household income is above the poverty threshold. Women’s employment improves women’s happiness through an income effect, as it leads to higher income levels and improved living standards, but the non-income effects reduce women’s happiness. This negative effect is related to a higher workload and low job satisfaction due to unfulfilled expectations. The positive income effect outweighs these negative non-income effects for poor women but not for relatively wealthier women.

Suggested Citation

  • Goedele Van den Broeck & Miet Maertens, 2017. "Does Off-Farm Wage Employment Make Women in Rural Senegal Happy?," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(4), pages 250-275, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:23:y:2017:i:4:p:250-275
    DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1338834
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay, 2020. "Gendered Well-Being: Cross-Sectional Evidence from Poor Urban Households in India," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 281-308, August.
    2. Junpeng Li & Puneet Vatsa & Wanglin Ma, 2023. "Small Acts With Big Impacts: Does Garbage Classification Improve Subjective Well-Being in Rural China?," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 18(3), pages 1337-1363, June.
    3. Hongyun Zheng & Puneet Vatsa & Wanglin Ma & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2023. "Does agricultural cooperative membership influence off‐farm work decisions of farm couples?," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(3), pages 831-855, September.
    4. Zheng Shen & Derek S. Brown & Xiaodong Zheng & Hualei Yang, 2022. "Women’s Off-Farm Work Participation and Son Preference in Rural China," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(3), pages 899-928, June.
    5. Chrisendo, Daniel & Krishna, Vijesh V. & Siregar, Hermanto & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Land-use change, nutrition, and gender roles in Indonesian farm households," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    6. Li, Junpeng & Ma, Wanglin & Gong, Binlei, 2023. "Market participation and subjective well-being of maize farmers," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 941-960.
    7. Ma, Wanglin & Zhou, Xiaoshi & Boansi, David & Horlu, Godwin Seyram Agbemavor & Owusu, Victor, 2024. "Adoption and intensity of agricultural mechanization and their impact on non-farm employment of rural women," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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