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Efficiency in housing finance: a comparative study of mortgage instruments in Japan

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  • Piyush Tiwari
  • Yoko Moriizumi

Abstract

Home ownership is the most desired form of housing tenure around the world for reasons of security and certainty. Owning a house presents a struggle for families virtually everywhere: for example, in Tokyo a typical house can cost around five to six times the yearly earnings of a family. Many families simply do not possess sufficient funds to purchase a house with equity. A universal alternative to equity-based financing for outright purchase before taking possession of a house is through debt financing. Debt in total housing finance in Japan is around 60–70%. Housing finance systems struggle to create instruments that will efficiently finance the purchase of owner-occupied housing. Design of mortgages depends on the nature of the housing system, the allocation of risk and the economic and institutional factors in a country. The present paper focuses on housing finance arrangements in Japan. Mortgage loan funding in Japan is characterized by heavy dependence on government treasury investment, which is based on subsidies. The last decade virtually eroded the capital base of financial institutions due to non-performing loans and forced them to restructure their business models from lending to industrial enterprises to financing home purchases. Coupled with the price crash in property markets, after the bubble era, debate on the current housing finance system has emerged. Currently Japan is restructuring its housing finance institutions by redefining the role for the public sector. This paper contributes by analyzing the efficiency with which the mortgage market delivers mortgage credit to home-buyers in Japan.

Suggested Citation

  • Piyush Tiwari & Yoko Moriizumi, 2003. "Efficiency in housing finance: a comparative study of mortgage instruments in Japan," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 3(3), pages 267-288.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:267-288
    DOI: 10.1080/14616710310001630721
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hylleberg, S. & Engle, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. & Yoo, B. S., 1990. "Seasonal integration and cointegration," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1-2), pages 215-238.
    2. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    3. Piyush Tiwari, 2001. "Home Mortgage Risk: A Case for Insurance in India," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 57-79.
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    1. Eno Joseph Mbang & Michael Chukwuneke Madukwe & Irenonsen Oyaimare Uddin, 2019. "Infrastructure and Linkage Challenges in the Execution of Agricultural Programmes in Cross River State, Nigeria," Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, Altezoro, s.r.o. & Dialog, vol. 5(11), pages 3001-3009, November.
    2. Warnock, Veronica Cacdac & Warnock, Francis E., 2008. "Markets and housing finance," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 239-251, September.
    3. Piyush Tiwari & Edwin Deutsch & Yoko Moriizumi, 2007. "Housing Finance Arrangements, Wealth Positioning and Housing Consumption in Japan: An Analysis of Built-for-sale Homeowners," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 347-367, April.
    4. Deutsch, Edwin & Tiwari, Piyush & Moriizumi, Yoko, 2006. "The slowdown in the timing of housing purchases in Japan in the 1990s," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 230-256, September.
    5. Iliyasu Ibrahim & Maryam Salihu Muhammad & Umar Auwal & Daniel Raymond, 2019. "Perception of Low Income Earners on the Performance of Mortgage Institutions in Housing Finance in Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria," Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, Altezoro, s.r.o. & Dialog, vol. 5(11), pages 2001-2011, November.

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