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Forced Displacement: Legal Versus Illegal Crops

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  • Paola Palacios

Abstract

Anecdotal evidence suggests that, in stateless regions in Colombia, the establishment of oil palm-super-1 plantations generates more forced migration than the introduction of coca crops. We provide a theoretical model to study this phenomenon where an agent, allied with the illegal armed group that controls a region, chooses between buying an agricultural good from peasants or producing it himself by evicting farmers from their lands. We compare two crops that differ in their labor intensity. Results indicate that it is more likely that the agent finds it optimal to displace peasants in the case of the less labor intensive crop. -super-1The oil palm is the tree from whose fruit one derives palm oil, the commercial crop. For convenience, we employ the terms interchangeably.

Suggested Citation

  • Paola Palacios, 2012. "Forced Displacement: Legal Versus Illegal Crops," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 133-160, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:23:y:2012:i:2:p:133-160
    DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2011.597238
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joshua D. Angrist & Adriana D. Kugler, 2008. "Rural Windfall or a New Resource Curse? Coca, Income, and Civil Conflict in Colombia," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 90(2), pages 191-215, May.
    2. Ana María Díaz & Fabio Sánchez, 2004. "Geografía De Los Cultivos Ilícitos Y Conflicto Armado En Colombia," Documentos CEDE 2766, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Daniel Mejía & Carlos E. Posada, 2007. "Cocaine Production and Trafficking: What do we know?," Borradores de Economia 3955, Banco de la Republica.
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    1. Greenfield, Victoria A. & Bond, Craig A. & Crane, Keith, 2017. "A household model of opium-poppy cultivation in Afghanistan," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 741-761.
    2. Thomas Bassetti & Raul Caruso & Darwin Cortes, 2015. "Behavioral differences in violence: The case of intra-group differences of Paramilitaries and Guerrillas in Colombia," DISCE - Quaderni del Dipartimento di Politica Economica ispe0073, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    3. Perry Ferrell, 2019. "Titles for me but not for thee: transitional gains trap of property rights extension in Colombia," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 178(1), pages 95-114, January.
    4. Millán-Quijano, Jaime & Pulgarín, Sebastián, 2023. "Oiling up the field. Forced internal displacement and the expansion of palm oil in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    5. Dueñas Ximena & Palacios Paola & Zuluaga Blanca, 2014. "Forced Displacement in Colombia: What Determines Expulsion and Reception in Municipalities?," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 585-597, December.

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