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New evidence on the importance of gender and asymmetry in the crime--unemployment relationship

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  • Steve Cook
  • Duncan Watson
  • Louise Parker

Abstract

The literature examining the crime--unemployment relationship is vast. Three recent developments in the analysis of this relationship are combined with a novel empirical method to explore the importance of gender effects and asymmetric adjustment when analysing the impact of unemployment upon criminal activity. Using data for the United States of America, a number of interesting results are obtained. The key finding concerns the importance of gender, with opportunity effects in criminal activity detected when considering female, but not male, unemployment. Further examination shows findings to support theories associated with 'victimization' and worsening socio-economic conditions, rather than those emphasizing 'latchkey care' effects and an absence of guardianship. Consideration of motivation effects provides further evidence of significant asymmetries in the response of crime to unemployment.

Suggested Citation

  • Steve Cook & Duncan Watson & Louise Parker, 2014. "New evidence on the importance of gender and asymmetry in the crime--unemployment relationship," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(2), pages 119-126, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:46:y:2014:i:2:p:119-126
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2013.835481
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    1. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    3. Drennan, Matthew P. & Lobo, Jose, 1999. "A Simple Test for Convergence of Metropolitan Income in the United States," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 350-359, November.
    4. H. Naci Mocan & Turan G. Bali, 2010. "Asymmetric Crime Cycles," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 92(4), pages 899-911, November.
    5. H. Naci Mocan & Stephen C. Billups & Jody Overland, 2005. "A Dynamic Model of Differential Human Capital and Criminal Activity," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 72(288), pages 655-681, November.
    6. Marvell, Thomas B & Moody, Carlisle E, 2001. "The Lethal Effects of Three-Strikes Laws," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 30(1), pages 89-106, January.
    7. Ehrlich, Isaac, 1973. "Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 521-565, May-June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Iljoong Kim & Jaewook Byeon, 2017. "Discretionary prosecution of regulatory crimes: disproportionate emphasis and consequences to other serious crimes," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 559-587, October.

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