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Is home-field advantage driven by the fans? Evidence from across the ocean

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  • Anne Anders
  • Kurt William Rotthoff

Abstract

Some have claimed that referee and home-field bias in football (American soccer) have been impacted by the fans at the match. When fans are hostile, the threat referees feel to their health and well-being influences their ability to call a fair match. We analyse two leagues with differing fan types: one 'hostile' league (Germany's Bundesliga) and one league perceived as 'peaceful' (America's Major League Soccer). Although there is a strong home-field bias inherent in football, we find evidence that part of the bias is due to the prospect of fan violence.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Anders & Kurt William Rotthoff, 2014. "Is home-field advantage driven by the fans? Evidence from across the ocean," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(16), pages 1165-1168, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:21:y:2014:i:16:p:1165-1168
    DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2014.914139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anders Anne & Rotthoff Kurt W, 2011. "Yellow Cards: Do They Matter?," Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Joseph Price & Justin Wolfers, 2010. "Racial Discrimination Among NBA Referees," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 125(4), pages 1859-1887.
    3. Luis Garicano & Ignacio Palacios-Huerta & Canice Prendergast, 2005. "Favoritism Under Social Pressure," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 87(2), pages 208-216, May.
    4. Babatunde Buraimo & David Forrest & Robert Simmons, 2010. "The 12th man?: refereeing bias in English and German soccer," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 173(2), pages 431-449, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dawson, Peter & Massey, Patrick & Downward, Paul, 2020. "Television match officials, referees, and home advantage: Evidence from the European Rugby Cup," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 443-454.
    2. Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2020. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Soccer? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the Covid-19 Pandemic," CESifo Working Paper Series 8549, CESifo.
    3. Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2021. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Football? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(8), pages 982-1008, December.
    4. Wolfgang Maennig, 2017. "Major Sports Events: Economic Impact," Working Papers 058, Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg.
    5. Justin Ehrlich & Joel Potter, 2023. "Estimating the effect of attendance on home advantage in the National Basketball Association," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(11), pages 1471-1482, June.
    6. Austin R Harris & Paul J Roebber, 2019. "NBA team home advantage: Identifying key factors using an artificial neural network," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-9, July.

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