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Fiscal stimulus and productivity: simulating the NGEU program with an endogenous growth model

Author

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  • Rubén Domínguez-Díaz

    (Banco de España)

  • Samuel Hurtado

    (Banco de España)

  • Carolina Menéndez

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

This paper introduces an endogenous growth general equilibrium model of firm dynamics and innovative investment for the Spanish economy that allows a better understanding of the medium-term effects of economic policies and shocks. We calibrate the model using both aggregate and firm-level data. We then use the model to assess the macroeconomic consequences of the different components of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) program, including public investment, private capital transfers, and innovative investment transfers. According to our baseline simulation, the NGEU funds significantly foster economic activity, with annual GDP growth increasing between 0.08 and 0.13 percentage points over the period of NGEU funds disbursement. In particular, we find that one of the key drivers of these output gains is the endogenous response of productivity to the fiscal stimulus. Among the different policy instruments, we find that innovation transfers deliver the largest effects on aggregate output, only matched by highly efficient public investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Rubén Domínguez-Díaz & Samuel Hurtado & Carolina Menéndez, 2025. "Fiscal stimulus and productivity: simulating the NGEU program with an endogenous growth model," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 191-228, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:series:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s13209-025-00304-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s13209-025-00304-1
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    JEL classification:

    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • H54 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Infrastructures
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

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