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Role of Education, Worker Population Ratio and Health in Reducing Gender Disparity: A Disaggregated Gender Analysis of India

Author

Listed:
  • Roli Misra

    (University of Lucknow)

  • Vishnu Kumar

    (University of Lucknow)

Abstract

One of the most speedy and substantial social shifts in human history has been the evolution of gender relations since the turn of the 20th century. Even though female health, literacy and women participation in workforce have significantly improved, the status of women in Indian society is not very satisfactory leading to gender disparities. It is in this background that this paper attempts to analyse the role of education, labour market and health in reducing gender disparities across the states over the period of time. To analyse the impact of these variables, Gender Disparity Index (GDI) has been constructed utilising the data from Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) and Sample Registration System (SRS) to measure gender disparities in 20 major states and union territories (UTs) of India. For the construction of GDI, we have used three dimensions, namely health, empowerment and labour market participation. The index is prepared to make a decadal comparative study for the years 2011–12 and 2020–21. The statistical results indicate that there is a significant difference in mean of the GDI scores for 2020–21 and 2011–12. The paper concludes with certain policy implications suggesting that there is a need to put more effort into creating infrastructure and cutting-edge policies to improve the health and education systems. The focus should also be to create more employment opportunities for females, helping them to raise their standard of living so as to enhance their contribution towards economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Roli Misra & Vishnu Kumar, 2023. "Role of Education, Worker Population Ratio and Health in Reducing Gender Disparity: A Disaggregated Gender Analysis of India," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 66(4), pages 1061-1080, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijlaec:v:66:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s41027-024-00471-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s41027-024-00471-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacob Mincer & Haim Ofek, 1982. "Interrupted Work Careers: Depreciation and Restoration of Human Capital," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 17(1), pages 3-24.
    2. Scott Yabiku & Sarah Schlabach, 2009. "Social Change and the Relationships Between Education and Employment," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 28(4), pages 533-549, August.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender disparities; Education; Workforce participation; Health; Gender Disparity Index;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General

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