IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/empeco/v68y2025i6d10.1007_s00181-025-02711-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Was Covid-19 a wake-up call on climate risks? Evidence from the greenium

Author

Listed:
  • Danilo Liberati

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Giuseppe Marinelli

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

Building on the work by Liberati and Marinelli (2021), this paper presents a study on the greenium, i.e. the negative yield difference between green bonds and their conventional counterparts. We use a security-by-security data set comprising a large sample of green bonds exchanged on the main global security markets, integrated with the microdata employed in official statistics on security holdings and prices. After showing the existence of the greenium and its dynamics during and after the pandemic, we employ a twofold approach in order to contribute to the literature on this topic. We provide econometric evidence for a persistent excess demand in the green bond secondary market through a non-Walrasian disequilibrium model á la Maddala and Nelson (1974). We then exploit an econometric strategy based on security-level panel regressions, and we find strong evidence for the existence of the greenium and for its increase following the Covid-19 shock in a heterogeneous way across sectors; such additional effect has been nonetheless absorbed after the end of the pandemic in Europe. Finally, we further contribute to the literature by demonstrating that a large part of the greenium is due to a persistent excess demand of green bonds.

Suggested Citation

  • Danilo Liberati & Giuseppe Marinelli, 2025. "Was Covid-19 a wake-up call on climate risks? Evidence from the greenium," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(6), pages 2549-2585, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:68:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s00181-025-02711-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-025-02711-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00181-025-02711-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s00181-025-02711-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Green bonds; Greenium; Covid-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:68:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s00181-025-02711-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.