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Struktury klastrowe jako bieguny wzrostu gospodarki – przykład Bawarskiego Klastra Biotechnologicznego

Author

Listed:
  • Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
  • Andrzej Marcinkowski

Abstract

Przedmiotem artykułu jest tematyka klastrów, które stanowią obecnie popularną metodę organizowania działalności gospodarczej, opierającą się na koncentracji geograficznej i sektorowej przedsiębiorstw. Koncepcja ta jest analizowana przede wszystkim w kontekście teorii biegunów wzrostu, sformułowanej przez F. Perroux. Zgodnie z tym podejściem, polaryzacja sektorowa, czyli dynamiczny rozwój niektórych branż gospodarczych, wpływa na polaryzację przestrzenną, a więc wyłonienie się takich lokalizacji (zwanych biegunami wzrostu), które charakteryzują się szybszym tempem rozwoju niż pozostałe obszary. Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy, że klastry mogą pełnić funkcję biegunów wzrostu, ponieważ stanowią one skuteczny mechanizm koncentrowania zasobów oraz stymulowania współpracy, sprzyjających dalszemu rozwojowi danego sektora. Weryfikacji powyższej hipotezy służy analiza Bawarskiego Klastra Biotechnologicznego, który jest jednym z najsilniejszych ośrodków biotechnologicznych w Europie. Klaster ten pełni funkcję bieguna wzrostu dla Bawarii, wpływając na rozwój jednego z najnowocześniejszych sektorów, jakim jest sektor biotechnologiczny, a także poprzez efekty rozprzestrzeniania wiedzy i innowacji przyczyniając się do wyższej innowacyjności i konkurencyjności całej gospodarki regionalnej. Rosnąca popularność klasteringu i koncepcji polityki rozwoju opartej o klastry spowodowała aktywne podjęcie przez władze Bawarii działań na rzecz wspierania tej formy współpracy w gospodarce, co objęło m.in. sektor biotechnologiczny, stanowiący jeden z kluczowych sektorów dla gospodarki tego landu.

Suggested Citation

  • Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski & Andrzej Marcinkowski, 2012. "Struktury klastrowe jako bieguny wzrostu gospodarki – przykład Bawarskiego Klastra Biotechnologicznego," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 9, pages 61-78.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:9:p:61-78
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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