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On the Effectiveness of Feed-in Tariffs in the Development of Solar Photovoltaics

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  • Elbert Dijkgraaf
  • Tom P. van Dorp
  • Emiel Maasland

Abstract

Growing concern about climate change and rising prices of fossil fuels has prompted governments to stimulate the development of renewables. The most common instrument is a feed-in tariff (FIT). This paper empirically tests whether or not FIT policies have been effective in encouraging the development of photovoltaic solar (PV), explicitly taking into account the structure and consistency of FITs. Panel data estimations are employed for 30 OECD member countries in the period 1990-2011. We find a positive effect of the presence of a FIT on the development of a country's added yearly capacity of PV per capita. This is in line with the results found in the existing literature. However, our study shows that the literature underestimates the potential impact of FITs, as the effect of a well-designed FIT is much larger than the average effect of the currently applied FITs. Not only the height of the tariff is important, but also the duration of the contract and the absence/presence of a cap have an impact. We also show that consistency greatly affects the effectiveness of FITs. Consistency is especially important when the tariff of a FIT is low. The total effect of a FIT can be seven times larger if it is well designed. Our results are robust for differences between countries with respect to the availability of other policy instruments, the use of nuclear or hydro power and the level of CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Elbert Dijkgraaf & Tom P. van Dorp & Emiel Maasland, 2018. "On the Effectiveness of Feed-in Tariffs in the Development of Solar Photovoltaics," The Energy Journal, , vol. 39(1), pages 81-100, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:39:y:2018:i:1:p:81-100
    DOI: 10.5547/01956574.39.1.edij
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard Schmalensee, 2012. "Evaluating Policies to Increase Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 6(1), pages 45-64.
    2. Steffen Jenner, Gabriel Chan, Rolf Frankenberger, and Mathias Gabel, 2012. "What Drives States to Support Renewable Energy?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy policy; Solar photovoltaics; Feed-in tariff; Policy; consistency; OECD;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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