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Determinants of commuting flows in Germany

Author

Listed:
  • Piliuk, Anastasiia

    (HSE University, Moscow, Russia;)

  • Semerikova, Elena

    (HSE University, Moscow, Russia;)

  • Nastansky, Andreas

    (Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

The paper studies commuting flows between German regions. Using panel data of 400 German regions from 2013 to 2019 we evaluate the effect of the wide range of indicators determining the magnitude of the commuting flows: demographic factors, indicators of the labour and real estate markets, welfare variables, social and educational system characteristics, etc. We employ the gravity model analysis with Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood, allowing us to consider even the absence of commuters between regions. The novelty of the research is that the full structure of commuting flows, including the direction, is analyzed at the aggregated district level. In addition to other papers devoted to the economics of the labor market and focused mostly on individual data and selected determinants, we investigate a wide range of possible factors and conclude that the main macroeconomic factors determining both the intensity and direction of commuting flows: population, unemployment rate, cost of leasing housing and the number of companies per 10000 people. We also find that commuting flows between regions in the same land are 202% higher than between regions from different lands, and commuting flows between neighbouring regions are 414.5% higher than between regions without a common border.

Suggested Citation

  • Piliuk, Anastasiia & Semerikova, Elena & Nastansky, Andreas, 2023. "Determinants of commuting flows in Germany," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 71, pages 99-127.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:apltrx:0480
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    commuting; gravity models; Germany; panel data; PPML;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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