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Durée du travail, boucle prix-salaire et taux de chômage d'équilibre

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  • Gilbert Cette

Abstract

[eng] Work duration wage-price spiral and equilibrium unemployment rate. Gilbert Cette. This paper assess the general reduction of work duration conse quences (RWD) on the long run equilibrium unemployment rate. Our framework is the price-wage spirals which are included in the big macroeconomic models of the French economy. We point out the fea- tures of the price-wage spiral which allow for RWD scenario to affect the long-run equilibrium unemployment rate. When such effect takes place, we analyze each component influences'. We use the wage price spirals included in the main Keynesian macroeconomic models which are conventionally used in France to make an assessment of economic policies. If there is any impact on the equilibrium unemployment rate, we reach the conclusion that it is not necessarily positive. In fact, it can be either negative. In order to push down the equilibrium unemployment rate, the components of the RWD scenario must fulfill some conditions : the productivity gap induced by the RWD have to finance costs increase due to the RWD, and linked to the existence of fixed costs per worker and to the increase of hourly gains associated with the RWD. Eventually, results appear trivial : a RWD scenario will bring down the equilibrium rate of unemployment if it does not raise the production costs. In other cases, the equilibrium unemployment rate may be pushed up. [fre] Cette étude se propose d'apporter quelques éléments au débat théorique concernant l'impact d'un scénario général de réduction du temps de travail (RTT) sur le taux de chômage d'équilibre de long terme implicite aux boucles prix-salaire des grands modèles macroéconomiques français. Cette analyse vise donc à expliciter pour quelles spécifications de la boucle prix-salaire un scénario de RTT peut modifier le taux de chômage d'équilibre de long terme, mais aussi l'influence de chacune des composantes du scénario sur la modification (quand elle existe). A cette fin, les boucles prix-salaire retenues s'inspirent de celles adoptées par les principaux modèles macroéconomiques neo-keynésiens couramment utilisés en France pour des évaluations de politiques économiques.. Il ressort de l'analyse que l'impact d'un scénario de RTT sur le taux de chômage d'équilibre (quand il existe) n'est pas nécessairement favorable : en toute généralité, il peut être positif ou négatif. Les composantes du scénario de RTT doivent respecter certaines contraintes pour que le taux de chômage d'équilibre soit abaissé. Il y aura baisse du taux de chômage d'équilibre si les gains de productivité horaires induits par la RTT permettent de financer les augmentations de coûts liés à la RTT, et correspondants aux coûts fixes par travailleur, et à l'augmentation du revenu salarial horaire associée à la RTT. On retrouve ici un résultat assez trivial : un scénario de RTT abaisse le niveau du taux de chômage d'équilibre s'il n'augmente pas les coûts de production de l'entreprise. Dans le cas contraire, il peut élever le taux de chômage d'équilibre.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilbert Cette, 1998. "Durée du travail, boucle prix-salaire et taux de chômage d'équilibre," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 64(1), pages 129-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_64_1_1487
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1998.1487
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1998.1487
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    1. Giacomo Corneo, 1994. "La réduction du temps de travail dans les modèles de chômage d'équilibre : une revue de la littérature," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 115(4), pages 63-73.
    2. Gérard Cornilleau & Eric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 1998. "Le temps et l'argent : les 35 heures en douceur," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 64(1), pages 17-68.
    3. Hoel, Michael & Vale, Bent, 1986. "Effects on unemployment of reduced working time in an economy where firms set wages," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 1097-1104, October.
    4. Calmfors, Lars & Hoel, Michael, 1989. "Work Sharing, Employment and Shiftwork," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 41(4), pages 758-773, October.
    5. Manon Domingues Dos Santos & Yannick L’Horty & Élisabeth Tovar, 2010. "Une introduction," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Armand Colin, vol. 0(1), pages 4-25.
    6. Gilbert Cette & Dominique Taddéi, 1995. "Durée d'utilisation des équipements industriels : mesure et éléments de comparaison internationale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 287(1), pages 27-36.
    7. Jean-Yves Boulin & G. Cette & Daniel Verger, 1997. "Arbitrages des salariés entre temps libres et salaires," Brussels Economic Review, in: Gerhard Bosch & Danièle Meulders & François Michon (ed.),Le temps de travail, nouveaux enjeux, nouvelles normes, nouvelles mesures - Working time :new issues, new norms, new measures, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Gilbert Cette & Dominique Taddei, 1988. "Chômage mixte et politiques économiques : un modèle de déséquilibre," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(6), pages 1119-1142.
    9. Hoel, Michael, 1986. "Employment and Allocation Effects of Reducing the Length of the Workday," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 53(29), pages 75-85, February.
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    11. Calmfors, Lars, 1985. "Work sharing, employment and wages," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 293-309.
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    1. Éric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2000. "35 heures : réduction réduite," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 74(1), pages 53-95.
    2. Maurice Comte, 2005. "Le sous-emploi: pourquoi?," Post-Print hal-00136999, HAL.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1646 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Fabrice Gilles & Yannick L'Horty, 2003. "Reducing working time and inequality: what has the French 35-hour work week experience taught us?," Documents de recherche 03-07, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.

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