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La fiscalité carbone au risque des enjeux d’équité

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  • Emmanuel Combet
  • Frédéric Ghersi
  • Jean-Charles Hourcade
  • Camille Thubin

Abstract

[eng] This paper aims at clearing up misunderstandings about the social impacts of carbon taxes, which proved to be a decisive obstacle to their further consideration in public debates. It highlights the gap between the cost of a carbon tax reform as it is spontaneously perceived by the taxpayers and the reality of its ultimate consequences. It shows that the real impact on households’ poverty and inequalities is not mechanically determined by the initial burden of energy on consumption budgets and by the capacities of households to alleviate it, but also depends upon the use made of the tax proceeds and the general macroeconomic effects. The comparison of five tax-recycling schemes highlights the existence of trade-offs between maximizing total consumption, reducing unemployment, maximizing the consumption of the low-income classes and reducing income inequality. [fre] Cet article vise à dissiper les malentendus sur le bilan social de taxes carbone, malentendus qui constituent un obstacle jusqu’ici dirimant à leur plus ample examen dans les débats publics. Il met en évidence l’écart entre le coût de la fiscalité carbone tel qu’il est spontanément perçu par les contribuables et la réalité de son coût ultime. Il montre que son impact réel sur la pauvreté et les inégalités n’est pas mécaniquement déterminé par le poids initial du budget-énergies et les marges de manoeuvre qu’ont les ménages pour le réduire, mais qu’il dépend aussi largement du choix d’usage des recettes de la taxe et des effets macro-économiques induits par l’ensemble. La comparaison de cinq dispositifs de recyclage met en évidence des zones d’arbitrage entre maximisation de la consommation globale, réduction du chômage, maximisation de la consommation des populations à bas revenus et réduction des inégalités.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Combet & Frédéric Ghersi & Jean-Charles Hourcade & Camille Thubin, 2010. "La fiscalité carbone au risque des enjeux d’équité," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 25(2), pages 59-91.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2010_num_25_2_1805
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2010.1805
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2010.1805
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    Cited by:

    1. Aubert, Diane & Chiroleu-Assouline, Mireille, 2019. "Environmental tax reform and income distribution with imperfect heterogeneous labour markets," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 60-82.
    2. Antoine Missemer & Sophie Swaton, 2017. "Fuel poverty and ecological taxation: a retrospective look at the French green check failed experience [Précarité énergétique et fiscalité écologique, retour sur l'expérience avortée du chèque vert," Post-Print halshs-01555773, HAL.
    3. Laure Baratgin & Emmanuel Combet, 2022. "Quelques pistes pour concilier des objectifs sociaux, économiques et écologiques," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(1), pages 121-146.
    4. Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet & Cyril Bourgeois & Philippe Quirion, 2018. "Long-term efficiency and distributional impacts of energy saving policies in the French residential sector [Efficience et effets distributifs de long-terme des politiques d'économies d'énergie dans," CIRED Working Papers hal-01890642, HAL.
    5. Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline, 2015. "La fiscalité environnementale en France peut-elle devenir réellement écologique ?. État des lieux et conditions d’acceptabilité," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(3), pages 129-165.
    6. Charlotte Demonsant & Kevin Levillain & Blanche Segrestin, 2021. "Les avaries communes : étude d'une alternative plus équitable à la taxe carbone," Post-Print hal-03406020, HAL.
    7. Caillavet, F. & Darmon, N. & Fadhuile, A. & Nichele, V., 2015. "Who emits most? The environmental impact of food purchases of French households," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211382, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

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