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Modèles de choix individuels discrets : théorie et applications à la micro-économie

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  • Jacques-François Thisse
  • Antoine Billot

Abstract

[eng] Discrete choice models : theory and applications to microeconomics. In discrete choice models, the individual is assumed to be not necessarily consistent with the standard model of perfect rationality. This paper aims at providing several explanations of such a behavior and at illustrating this approach in microeconomics. Two specific applications are considered : the first one is devoted to product differentiation (a la Chamberlin) and the second, to agents selection within an organization. This analysis gives rise to the following proposition : as soon as there is some information failure about the possible actions, discrete choice models suggest a method which can be efficiently applied and thus, which can improve the understanding of such situations. [fre] Les modèles de choix discrets supposent que le comportement d'un individu n'est pas nécessairement en accord avec le modèle standard de la rationalité par­faite. Cet article présente d'abord les principales justifications d'un tel désaccord puis en illustre l'intérêt en théorie microéconomique à l'aide de deux applications ; la première est consacrée aux modèles de différenciation des produits à la Cham-beriin et la seconde à la formalisation d'une méthode optimale de sélection d'agents dans une organisation. Finalement, un constat se fait jour : dès lors qu'est introduite une défaillance de l'information concernant les actions possibles, les modèles de choix discrets proposent une méthodologie susceptible d'être appliquée avec pertinence et ainsi, d'améliorer la compréhension du comporte­ment face à telle situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques-François Thisse & Antoine Billot, 1995. "Modèles de choix individuels discrets : théorie et applications à la micro-économie," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(3), pages 921-931.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1995_num_46_3_409707
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1995.409707
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1995.409707
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dixit, Avinash K & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1977. "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(3), pages 297-308, June.
    2. André De Palma & Jacques-François Thisse, 1989. "Les modéles de choix discret," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 14, pages 151-190.
    3. de Palma, Andre & Myers, Gordon M & Papageorgiou, Yorgos Y, 1994. "Rational Choice under an Imperfect Ability to Choose," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(3), pages 419-440, June.
    4. Caplin, Andrew & Nalebuff, Barry, 1991. "Aggregation and Imperfect Competition: On the Existence of Equilibrium," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 25-59, January.
    5. Schmeidler, David, 1989. "Subjective Probability and Expected Utility without Additivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(3), pages 571-587, May.
    6. R. Luce, 1977. "Thurstone's discriminal processes fifty years later," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 42(4), pages 461-489, December.
    7. Philippe Mongin, 1984. "Modèle rationnel ou modèle économique de la rationalité ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(1), pages 9-64.
    8. BILLOT, Antoine & THISSE, Jacques-François, 1994. "A Nonadditive Probability Model of Individual Choice," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 1994001, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    9. repec:adr:anecst:y:1989:i:14:p:07 is not listed on IDEAS
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    1. Bouscasse, Hélène & Joly, Iragaël & Peyhardi, Jean, 2019. "A new family of qualitative choice models: An application of reference models to travel mode choice," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 74-91.
    2. Jacques-François Thisse & Moshe Justman, 1997. "Faut-il régionaliser l'enseignement supérieur ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(3), pages 569-577.

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