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Les expériences de santé comme vecteur de l'identité

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  • Daniel Ruffin
  • Isabelle Ville

Abstract

[spa] Las experiencias de salud coma vector de la identidad . . Para medir el impacto de los problemas de salud sobre la construccion de las identidades, tres preguntas sirvieron . a delimitar una poblacion ataflida por tales problemas: un 4,5 % declaran unicamente limitaciones de su actividad, un 23 % unicamente un tratamiento 0 control regular por motivo médico, un 16 % declaran a la vez limitaciones y un control, y un 9,5 % secuelas de problemas anteriores. En total, atafle al 53 % de la poblacion. En cuanto a las identificaciones, entre las personas limitadas . 0 controladas, un 17 % se consideran como enfermas, . 11 % como minusvalidas, y un 15 % mencionan su problema de salud 0 minusvalfa entre los temas que contribuyen mejor a definir/ as. La expresion de las identidades permitio ademas identificar a una categorfa suplementaria de personas que tienen un problema · de · salud, pero no se consideran minusvalidas ni enfermas. Las diferentes maneras de definirse por la salud que proponfa la encuesta afslan asfa poblaciones mas bien diferentes. Si la severidad deI estado de salud, medida por el cumulo de un control médico y limitaciones de actividad, permanece el principal determinante de estas expresiones, las posiciones sociales también desempeflan un papel importante. El paro de la actividad profesional y la restriccion de las distracciones domicifiares, dos traducciones sociales directas de los problemas de salud, contribuyen a considerarse minusvalido . 0 enfermo. Los hombres y las personas sin hijos estan mas frecuentemente propensos a decirse minusvalidos. Declararse enfermo es mas bien asociarse . a caracterfsticas que revelan diferentes registros de vulnerabifidad social, en particular en 10 relativo a los ingresos. Por ultimo, mencionar su problema de salud como un tema importante para definirse, sin considerarse enfermo ni minusvalido, es mas frecuente en las personas mayores 0 que conservan huel/ as de un problema anterior. [fre] Les expériences de santé comme vecteur de l'identité . . Pour mesurer l'impact des problèmes de santé sur la construction des identités, trois questions ont servi à . délimiter une population concernée par de tels problèmes: 4,5 % déclarent uniquement des limitations d'activité, 23 % uniquement un traitement ou un suivi régulier pour raison médicale, 16 % déclarent à la fois des limitations et un suivi, et 9,5 % des séquelles de problèmes passés. Au total, 53 % de la population est concernée. Concernant les identifications, · parmi les personnes limitées ou suivies, 17 % se considèrent comme des personnes malades, 11 % comme des personnes handicapées, et 15 % citent leur problème de santé ou un handicap parmi les thèmes contribuant le mieux à les définir. L'expression des identités a, en outre, permis d'identifier une catégorie supplémentaire de personnes qui ont un problème de santé, mais ne se considèrent ni comme handicapées, ni comme malades. Les différentes façons de se définir par la santé que proposait l'enquête isolent ainsi des populations plutôt distinctes. Si la sévérité de l'état de santé, mesurée par le cumul d'un suivi médical et de limitations d'activité, reste le principal déterminant de ces expressions, les positions sociales jouent également un rôle important. L'arrêt de l'activité professionnelle et la restriction des loisirs au domicile, deux traductions sociales directes des atteintes de santé, contribuent à se considérer comme handicapé ou malade. Les hommes et les personnes n'ayant pas eu d'enfant tendent plus souvent à se dire handicapés. Se dire malade est plutôt associé à des caractéristiques dénotant différents registres de vulnérabilité sociale, notamment sur le plan du revenu. Enfin, citer son problème de santé comme un thème important pour se définir, sans pour autant se considérer comme malade ou handicapé, est davantage le fait de personnes âgées et de personnes conservant des traces d'un problème passé. [eng] Health as a Definer of Identity . . ln order to evaluate the impact of health problems on personal identity construction, three questions were used to delimit the population concerned by. Overall, 53% of the population is affected by health problems: 4.5% notify only activity limitation" 23% a medical treatment or regular check-ups. 16% notify both activity limitation and check-ups, 9.5% after-affects of previous health problems. Regarding identity construction, 17% of the people with Iimited activity or regular check-up consider themselves as ill, 11% as having a disability, and 15% quote their health problem or disability as one of their principal defining features. Moreover, the expression of identities allows an additional category of people to be identified: those who, though in bad health, do not feel neither disabled nor il!. The different ways of defining oneself according to health as proposed by the survey thus isolates quite distinct populations. Whilst the severity of health problems, measured by combining medical monitoring and professional restrictions on physical activity, remains the main ground for these expressions, social status plays also an important part. To stop working and to be confined at home result straight from illness. Such social consequences lead people to feel disabled or il!. Childless men and people are particularly prone to claim disability, whilst socially vulnerable people, particularly in terms of income, tend to identify themselves as being il!. Eventually, to refer to health problem as a significant defining feature without feeling sofar ill or disabled individualise mainly old people and people who still suffer from the after-effects of a previous health problem. [ger] Gesundheitserfahrungen ais Vektor der · Identität.. Zur Messung der Auswirkungen, die gesundheitliche Probleme auf die Herausbildung der Identitaten haben, wurde anhand dreier Fragen eine von solchen Problemen betroffene Population abgegrenzt: 4,5 % . gaben lediglich Einschrankungen ihrer Tatigkeit an, 23 % lediglich eine regelmaBige Behandlung aus medizinischen Gründen, 16 % sowohl Einschrankungen ais auch eine Behandlung und 9,5 % Nachwirkungen früherer Probleme. Betroffen sind insgesamt 53 % der Bevëlkerung. Was die Identifizierung anbelangt, so halten sich 17 % der eingeschrankten oder behandelten Personen für krank, 11 % für behindert, und 15 % . führen ihr gesundheitliches Problem oder ihre Behinderung unter den Themen an, mit denen sie sich am besten definieren lassen. Mit der Abgrenzung der Identitaten konnte zudem eine zusatzliche Kategorie von Personen ermittelt werden, die zwar ein Gesundheitsproblem haben, sich aber weder ais behindert noch ais krank betrachten. Die einzelnen Arten, sich über die Gesundheit zu definieren, wie Ziel der Erhebung war, lassen mithin eher unterschiedliche Populationen erkennen. Die durch die Kumulation von medizinischer Behandlung und Einschrankungen der Tatigkeit gemessene Schwere des Gesundheitsproblems bleibt zwar die Hauptdeterminante dieser Identitaten; eine wichtige Rolle spielt aber auch die soziale Stellung. Das Ausscheiden aus dem Erwerbsleben und die Einschrankungen in der Freizeit -zwei unmittelbare soziale Ausdrucksformen von Krankheit -tragen dazu bei, dassman sich ais behindert oder krank betrachtet. Manner und Menschen ohne Kinder neigen haufiger dazu, sich ais behindert zu bezeichnen. Sich ais krank bezeichnen wird eher mit Merkmalen in Verbindung gebracht, die für verschiedene AusmaBe sozialer Verwundbarkeit stehen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Einkommen. Sein Gesundheitsproblem ais wichtiges Thema zur Selbstdefinierung anführen, ohne sich ais krank oder behindert zu betrachten, ist eher bei alteren Menschen und Personen mit Nachwirkungen eines früheren Problems anzutreffen.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Ruffin & Isabelle Ville, 2006. "Les expériences de santé comme vecteur de l'identité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 393(1), pages 61-79.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2006_num_393_1_7142
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2006.7142
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2006.7142
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    1. Mackenbach, J.P. & Looman, C.W.N. & Van Der Meer, J.B.W., 1996. "Differences in the misreporting of chronic conditions, by level of education: The effect on inequalities in prevalence rates," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 86(5), pages 706-711.
    2. Ville, Isabelle & Crost, Monique & Ravaud, Jean-François, 2003. "Disability and a sense of community belonging A study among tetraplegic spinal-cord-injured persons in France," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 321-332, January.
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    1. Khlat, Myriam & Jusot, Florence & Ville, Isabelle, 2009. "Social origins, early hardship and obesity: A strong association in women, but not in men?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(9), pages 1692-1699, May.

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