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L'effet de serre : pourquoi une approche par la tarification ?

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  • Sylviane Gastaldo

Abstract

[fre] L'effet de serre : pourquoi une approche par la tarification ? . L'effet de serre et le réchauffement de la terre semblent appelés à s'accentuer dans l'avenir, d'autant plus rapidement qu'aucune mesure ne sera prise pour limiter les activités à l'origine de l'augmentation de la concentration des gaz à effet de serre. . L'utilisation d'un instrument fiscal conduit à modifier les prix de l'énergie (en tarifant pour chaque combustible les émissions de carbone dont il est à l'origine), ce qui guide de façon décentralisée l'ensemble des agents économiques dans leurs décisions privées d'utilisation d'énergie et assure que l'ensemble des mesures de réduction des émissions de carbone présentant un coût inférieur au taux de taxe seraient adoptées. . Selon les études économiques disponibles le coût d'adaptation (en termes de PIB et de bien-être) de nos économies à de telles mesures fiscales pourrait être raisonnable pour des réductions importantes d'émissions de carbone, et ce d'autant plus que les recettes de la taxe seraient habilement "recyclées" ou réutilisées. . Problème global, l'effet de serre doit être traité à l'échelle mondiale : des mesures isolées auraient un faible impact. Cependant des taxes sur le carbone ont déjà été mises en place dans plusieurs pays d'Europe du Nord. [eng] The Greenhouse Effect : Why Use a Pricing Approach? . The greenhouse effect and global warming look set to increase in the future, and even more rapidly if no measures are taken to restrict the activities responsible for the increase in the concentration of gases that produce the greenhouse effect. . Economic studies suggest that the cost (in terms of GDP and welfare) of adapting our economies to such tax measures could be reasonable for large reductions in CO2 emissions. This would be even more the case should the tax receipts be skilfully "recycled" or reused. . The use of a tax instrument leads to changes in energy The greenhouse effect is a global problem and should be prices by pricing each fuel according to the CO2 emissions that it produces. This is a decentralized way of guiding economic agents in their private decisions concerning the use of energy. It also ensures the adoption of all CO2 emission reduction measures that cost less than the tax rate. . dealt with on an international scale. Isolated measures would have little impact. Nevertheless, CO2 taxes have already been introduced in several North European countries. [spa] El efecto invernadero : I por que un enfoque mediante la tarification ? . El efecto invernadero y el recalentamiento de la tierra parecen estar destinados a acentuarse en el futuro, tanto mâs râpidamente cuanto que no se tomarâ ninguna medida para limitar las actividades que originan el aumento de la concentraciôn de gases que lo provocan. . La utilizaciôn de un instrumente) fiscal conduce a modificar los precios de energîa (tarif icando para cada combustible las emanaciones de carbono que origina) lo que guia de manera descentralizada al conjunto de los agentes econômicos en sus decisiones privadas de utilizaciôn de energfa. Tal instrumenta permite también que sean adoptadas medidas de reducciôn de las emanaciones de carbono que representen un costo inferior al monto de la tasa. . Segûn estudios econômicos disponibles, el costo de adaptaciôn (en términos de PIB y de bienestar) de nuestras economîas a taies medidas fiscales podrfa ser razonable para reducciones importantes de emanaciones de carbono, tanto mâs cuanto que los beneficios de la tasa serian hâbilmente "reciclados" o reutilizados. . Problema global, el efecto invernadero debe ser tratado a escala mundial : las medidas aisladas tendrian un escaso impacto. Sin embargo, ya han sido implementadas tasas sobre el carbono en varios pafses de Europa del Norte.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylviane Gastaldo, 1992. "L'effet de serre : pourquoi une approche par la tarification ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 258(1), pages 45-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5692
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5692
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5692
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. W. Barns & J. A. Edmonds & J. M. Reilly, 1992. "Use of the Edmonds-Reilly Model to Model Energy-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 113, OECD Publishing.
    2. Andrew Dean & Peter Hoeller, 1992. "Costs of Reducing CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Six Global Models," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 122, OECD Publishing.
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    1. Jérôme Rieu, 2002. "Politiques nationales de lutte contre le changement climatique et réglementation de la concurrence : le cas de la fiscalité," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 155(4), pages 95-113.

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