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Les services rendus par le patrimoine naturel : une évaluation fondée sur des principes économiques

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  • Patrick Point

Abstract

[fre] Les services rendus par le patrimoine naturel : . une évaluation fondée sur des principes économiques . L'eau, l'air, la flore et la faune sauvages, les écosystèmes sont des ressources essentielles pour l'homme. Mais elles ne sont pas dotées d'un indicateur de valeur ayant les propriétés d'un prix. . L'absence de prix conduit les agents à se comporter comme si la valeur des services livrés par le patrimoine naturel était nulle. Parfois, la puissance publique intervient au travers de redevances ou de prix administrés. Mais ils sont souvent fixés de façon arbitraire et à des niveaux très bas. . Une évaluation fiable doit se référer simultanément aux bénéfices et aux coûts : un actif naturel détruit ou endommagé ne sera pas réhabilité si la société lui attribue une valeur inférieure au coût de restauration ou de remise en état. Les coûts de mesures de protection et de restauration doivent être rapprochés des bénéfices pour la société tout entière. De même, le calcul du dommage causé par un agent doit être un reflet convenable de la perte subie par la collectivité. [spa] Los servicios prestados por el patrimonio natural : una evalucion fundada sobre principios econômicos . El agua, el aire, la flora y la fauna salvajes, los ecosistemas son recursos esenciales para el hombre. Sin embargo, éstos no estân dotados de un indicador de valor que tenga las propiedades de un precio. . La ausencia de precio conduce a los agentes econômicos a comportarse como si el valor de los servicios prestados por el patrimonio natural fuera nulo. En algunas ocasiones el poder pûblico interviene a través de la exigencia de pagos de canon o de precios administrados, pero, f recuentemente éstos son f ijados de manera arbitraria y a nivelés muy bajos. . Una evalucion fiable debe referirse simultâneamente a los beneficios y a los costos : un activo natural destruido o deteriorado no sera rehabilitado si la sociedad le atribuye un valor inferior al costo de restauraciôn o de arreglo. Los costos de medidas de protecciôn y de restauraciôn deben aproximarse a los beneficios que sacarâ la sociedad toda. Asimismo, el câlculo del dano causado por un individuo debe ser el reflejo cabal de la pérdida padecida por la colectividad. [eng] The Services Provided by our Natural Heritage An Evaluation Based on Economic Principles . Water, air and wild flora and fauna - the ecosystems represent vital resources for man. However, they do not contain a value indicator for which a price can be set. . The absence of prices leads the various parties to behave as if the services provided by our natural heritage had no value. From time to time, the government authorities intervene with taxes and regulated prices.. However, they are often fixed arbitrarily at very low rates. . A reliable evaluation needs to refer to both profits and costs : destroyed or damaged natural assets cannot be restored if society evaluates them below the cost of restoring or repairing them. The cost of implementing protective and restorative measures has to be compared with the benefits for society as a whole. In the same vein, the calculation of the damage caused by an agent should be a suitable reflection of the loss suffered by the community.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Point, 1992. "Les services rendus par le patrimoine naturel : une évaluation fondée sur des principes économiques," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 258(1), pages 11-18.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5687
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5687
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5687
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raymond J. Kopp & V. Kerry Smith, 1989. "Benefit estimation goes to court: The case of natural resource damage assessments," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(4), pages 593-612.
    2. R. H. Coase, 2013. "The Problem of Social Cost," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(4), pages 837-877.
    3. Fisher, Anthony C & Krutilla, John V & Cicchetti, Charles J, 1972. "The Economics of Environmental Preservation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(4), pages 605-619, September.
    4. Patrick Point & Brigitte Desaigues, 1990. "Les méthodes de détermination d'indicateurs de valeur ayant la dimension de prix pour les composantes du patrimoine naturel," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 41(2), pages 269-320.
    5. Kokoski, Mary F & Smith, V Kerry, 1987. "A General Equilibrium Analysis of Partial-Equilibrium Welfare Measures: The Case of Climate Change," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(3), pages 331-341, June.
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