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L'agriculture américaine est-elle plus productive que celle de l'Europe ?

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Barkaoui
  • Jean-Christophe Bureau
  • Jean-Pierre Butault
  • Jean-Marc Rousselle

Abstract

[spa] La agricultura norteamericana es mâs productiva que la europea ? Una comparaciôn de las productividades y de los precios relativos (1973-1989) . Entre 1973 y 1989, la producciôn agrîcola creciô al mismo ritmo en los Estados Unidos que en la Comunidad Europea. El volumen de la producciôn norteamericana so- brepasô en un 10 % al de la Europa de los Diez. La productividad global de la agricultura norteamericana es superior a la de los paîses europeos, con la excepciôn de Holanda. La disparidad mâs marcada aparece con relaciôn a los paîses del Sud (Italia y Grecia). Los bue- nos resultados norteamericanos se deben a la dispo- nibilidad de las tierras pero, sobre todo, a una mayor productividad del trabajo. . En promedio, los precios agrîcolas norteamericanos son inferiores en un 20 % a los precios europeos (en el trans- curso del perîodo 1973-1989) siendo efectuado el cél- culo de éstos sobre la tasa de cambio corriente o bien sobre una paridad de poder adquisitivo. Esta diferencia se ve compensada, en gran parte, por un precio mâs bajo de las cargas. En el seno mismo de Europa, los precios relativos no son homogéneos : la relaciôn del precio de las cargas con respecta al de los productos es inferior en Grecia en un porcentaje de un cuarto al del promedio europeo y superior en un cuarto también al del promedio en Holanda. [eng] Is American Agriculture More Productive than that of Europe ? A comparison of Productivities and Relative Prices (1973-1989) Between 1 973 and 1 989, agricultural production grew at the same pace in the United States and in the European Community. The volume of American agriculture exceeded that of the ten European countries by 1 0 %. The total productivity of American agriculture was higher than that of the European countries, with the exception of the Netherlands. The largest difference appears with southern European countries (Italy and Greece). The American results were dueto the availability of land and.above all, higher laborproductivity. . On the average, American agricultural prices were lower than European prices by 20 % (during the period from 1 973 to 1 989) , both if the calculation is made atthe current exchange rate and in terms of purchasing power. This difference, however, was made possible by a lower price of expenses. Within Europe itself, the relative prices varied : thus, the ratio between the price of expenses and the price of products was in Greece lower by a quarter and, in the Netherlands higher by a quarter than the European average. [fre] L'agriculture américaine est-elle plus productive que celle de l'Europe ? Une comparaison des productivités et des prix relatifs (1973 - 1989) . Entre 1973 et 1989 la production agricole a crû au même rythme aux Etats-Unis et dans la Communauté européenne. Le volume de la production américaine dépasse de 10 % celui de l'Europe des Dix. La productivité globale de l'agriculture américaine est supérieure à celle des pays européens, à l'exception des Pays-Bas. L'écart le plus grand apparaît à l'égard des pays du Sud (Italie et Grèce) . La performance américaine tient à la disponibilité en terre mais surtout à une meilleure productivité du travail. . En moyenne, les prix agricoles américains sont inférieurs de 20 % aux prix européens (au cours de la période 1973- 1 989) , que le calcul soit effectué au taux de change courant ou en parité de pouvoir d'achat. Cet écart est cependant en grande partie compensé par un prix des charges plus faible. A l'intérieur même de l'Europe les prix relatifs sont dispersés : le rapport du prix des charges au prix des produits est ainsi inférieur d'un quart à la moyenne européenne en Grèce et supérieur d'un quart à la moyenne aux Pays-Bas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Barkaoui & Jean-Christophe Bureau & Jean-Pierre Butault & Jean-Marc Rousselle, 1992. "L'agriculture américaine est-elle plus productive que celle de l'Europe ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 254(1), pages 29-40.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_254_1_5658
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5658
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5658
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bureau, Jean Christophe & Butault, Jean-Pierre, 1992. "Productivity Gaps, Price Advantages and Competitiveness in E.C. Agriculture," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 19(1), pages 25-48.
    2. Frédéric Lambert, 1990. "L'agriculture européenne est-elle compétitive face à ses concurrents d'Amérique du Nord ? Une approche par les prix à la production," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 196(1), pages 23-31.
    3. Diewert, W. E., 1976. "Exact and superlative index numbers," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 115-145, May.
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    1. Ahmed Barkaoui & Jean-Christophe Bureau & Jean-Pierre Butault, 1997. "La mesure de la productivité par des fonctions de distance," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 33-46.

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