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Qu'a-t-on appris sur le lien salaire/ emploi grâce aux débats sur les politiques de l'emploi ?

Author

Listed:
  • Christine Erhel
  • Jérôme Gautié
  • Bernard Gazier

Abstract

[fre] L'action sur le coût du travail constitue un mode d'intervention important -si ce n'est dominant- des mesures de politique de l'emploi. La relation entre le salaire/coût du travail et l'emploi peut donc être envisagée au travers des analyses et résultats issus de l'évaluation des politiques actives de l'emploi. Sur la base d'une synthèse des travaux existants, cette contribution envisage successivement les études d'impact micro- et macro-économique des mesures, en insistant sur les méthodologies sous-jacentes, qui conditionnent l'interprétation et la validité des enchaînements testés. On retiendra principalement que l'action sur le coût peut avoir une certaine efficacité en termes de création d'emplois, mais limitée, et dépendante du contenu de la mesure (subvention pure ou dispositif comprenant une formation ; ciblage). Au niveau macro-économique, on peut retenir des études existantes l'idée que les politiques actives de l'emploi ont dans leur ensemble un effet de modération salariale, sauf dans le cas où le taux de chômage est faible, et en présence de mesures faiblement ciblées (cas suédois jusqu'à la fin des années quatre-vingts). [eng] A large number of labour market policy programmes rely on the reduction of labour costs. Therefore the link between wage/labour costs on the one hand, and employment on the other hand, can be analyzed through the results stemming from active labour market policy evaluation. On the ground of a survey of existing studies, this contribution presents successively micro- and macroeconomic impact studies. It focuses on the methodological debates in this field, mat are necessary to the understanding and interpretation of the results. The main conclusion would be that reducing labour costs through various types of subsidies might be efficient in terms of job creations, but in a limited proportion, the extent of which is dependent on the content of the programme (pure job subsidy, or comprehensive programme including training ; targeting). At the macro level, one can state, on the basis of econometric studies, that active labour market policies considered as a whole have a wage

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Erhel & Jérôme Gautié & Bernard Gazier, 1999. "Qu'a-t-on appris sur le lien salaire/ emploi grâce aux débats sur les politiques de l'emploi ?," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 257-287.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1999_num_34_1_1258
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1999.1258
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1999.1258
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Bruno Van der Linden, 1997. "Effets des formations professionnelles et des aides à l'embauche : exploitation d'une enquête auprès d'employeurs belges," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 131(5), pages 113-130.
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    1. Erhel, Christine & Zajdela, Hélène, 2003. "Que reste-t-il de la théorie du chômage de Keynes?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 79(1), pages 163-177, Mars-Juin.
    2. Boyer, Robert, 1998. "Le lien salaire-emploi dans la théorie de la régulation. Autant de relations que de configurations institutionnelles," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 9814, CEPREMAP.
    3. Robert Boyer, 1999. "Le lien salaire-emploi dans la théorie de la régulation. Autant de relations que de configurations institutionnelles," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 101-161.

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