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Does Nonfarm Job Growth Encourage or Retard Soil Conservation in Philippine Uplands?

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  • Rola, Agnes C. Author_Email:
  • Coxhead, Ian Author_Email:

Abstract

If land-degrading agricultural intensification in uplands is driven by labor migration, what will be the effect of nonfarm employment growth? On one hand, a higher opportunity cost of farm labor should reduce labor-intensive cultivation methods. On the other hand, there may also be a reduction in labor-intensive soil conservation practices. This paper investigates this question using data from an upland watershed in Bukidnon, Philippines. Findings suggest that while off-farm employment growth will in general support environmental improvements in the long run, there is a continuing need for agricultural and environmental policies to buttress this trend.

Suggested Citation

  • Rola, Agnes C. Author_Email: & Coxhead, Ian Author_Email:, 2002. "Does Nonfarm Job Growth Encourage or Retard Soil Conservation in Philippine Uplands?," Philippine Journal of Development, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:phd:pjdevt:pjd_2002_vol__xxix_no__1-c
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.62986/pjd2002.29.1c
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David, Wilfredo P. Author_Email:, 1988. "Soil and Water Conservation Planning: Policy Issues and Recommendations," Philippine Journal of Development, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    2. Harry R. Clarke, 1992. "The Supply Of Non‐Degraded Agricultural Land," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 36(1), pages 31-56, April.
    3. Ian Coxhead & Agnes Rola & Kwansoo Kim, 2001. "How Do National Markets and Price Policies Affect Land Use at the Forest Margin? Evidence from the Philippines," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 77(2), pages 250-267.
    4. John E. Lee, 1965. "Allocating Farm Resources between Farm and Nonfarm Uses," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 47(1), pages 83-92.
    5. Balisacan, Arsenio M. & Hill, Hal (ed.), 2003. "The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195158984.
    6. Sanchez-Robielos, Maria Teresa, 1991. "A Study on Rural labor Markets, Rural Nonfarm Enterprises and Agrarian Reform in the Philippines," Working Papers WP 1991-17, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    7. Coxhead, Ian & Shively, Gerald & Shuai, Xiaobing, 2002. "Development policies, resource constraints, and agricultural expansion on the Philippine land frontier," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(2), pages 341-363, May.
    8. Harris, John R & Todaro, Michael P, 1970. "Migration, Unemployment & Development: A Two-Sector Analysis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(1), pages 126-142, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Agnes C. Rola & Asa Jose U. Sajise & Dieldre S Harder & Joe Marvin P Alpuerto, 2009. "Soil Conservation Decisions and Upland Corn Productivity: A Philippine Case Study," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 6(2), pages 1-19, December.

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