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Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: some preliminary empirical findings

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  • Friedrich Schneider

Abstract

After giving a short literature review, the paper attempts a quantification of the volume of money laundering activities, with the help of a MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) estimation procedure, for the years 1995 to 2006 for 20 highly developed OECD countries. The volume of laundered money was US$273 billion in the year 1995 for these 20 OECD countries and increased to US$603 billion in 2006. The overall turnover in organised crime had a value of US$595 billion in 2001 and increased to US$790 billion in 2006. These figures are very preliminary but give a clear indication of how important money laundering and the turnover of organised crime is nowadays.

Suggested Citation

  • Friedrich Schneider, 2008. "Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: some preliminary empirical findings," Global Business and Economics Review, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(3), pages 309-330.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:gbusec:v:10:y:2008:i:3:p:309-330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Donato Masciandaro & Elöd Takáts & Brigitte Unger, 2007. "Black Finance," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12683.
    2. Ms. Esther C Suss & Mr. Oral Williams & Mr. Chandima Mendis, 2002. "Caribbean offshore Financial Centers: Past, Present, and Possibilities for the Future," IMF Working Papers 2002/088, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Schneider, Friedrich, 2005. "Shadow economies around the world: what do we really know?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 598-642, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Riccardo Novaro & Massimiliano Piacenza & Gilberto Turati, 2022. "Does money laundering inflate residential house prices? Evidence from the Italian provincial markets," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(4), pages 672-691, November.
    2. Godspower-Akpomiemie, Euphemia & Ojah, Kalu, 2018. "Money laundering, Tax havens, Transparency and Board of Directors of Banks," MPRA Paper 89550, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Joras Ferwerda & Mark Kattenberg & Han-Hsin Chang & Brigitte Unger & Loek Groot & Jacob A. Bikker, 2013. "Gravity models of trade-based money laundering," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(22), pages 3170-3182, August.
    4. Michele Manna, 2022. "The bonfire of banknotes," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 25, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Friedrich Schneider, 2011. "The Financial Flows of the Transnational Crime: Some Preliminary Empirical Results," Economics of Security Working Paper Series 53, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    6. repec:nam:befdwp:10 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Schneider, Friedrich, 2017. "Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?," International Cash Conference 2017 – War on Cash: Is there a Future for Cash? 162914, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    8. Alexander Lascaux, 2015. "Crowding Out Trust in the Informal Monetary Relationships: The Curious Case of the Hawala System," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 87-107, April.
    9. Ardizzi, Guerino & De Franceschis, Pierpaolo & Giammatteo, Michele, 2018. "Cash payment anomalies and money laundering: An econometric analysis of Italian municipalities," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 105-121.
    10. O. Khmyz V. & О. Хмыз В., 2018. "Наднациональная борьба с теневой экономикой // Supranational Fight against the Shadow Economy," Экономика. Налоги. Право // Economics, taxes & law, ФГОБУ "Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации" // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 11(5), pages 16-27.
    11. William Gaviyau & Athenia Bongani Sibindi, 2023. "Global Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Terrorism Financing Regulatory Framework: A Critique," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-21, June.
    12. Tomas Williams & Pablo Slutzky & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2019. "Drug Money and Bank Lending: The Unintended Consequences of Anti-Money Laundering Policies," Working Papers 2019-5, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy, revised May 2020.
    13. Michael Brzoska & Raphael Bossong & Eric van Um, 2011. "Security Economics in the European Context: Implications of the EUSECON Project," Economics of Security Working Paper Series 58, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    14. Jozef Pacolet & Joris Vanormelingen, 2015. "Illicit Financial Flows: concepts and first macro estimates for Belgium and its 18 preferred partner countries," BeFinD Working Papers 0110, University of Namur, Department of Economics.
    15. Dalla Pellegrina Lucia & Masciandaro Donato, 2009. "The Risk-Based Approach in the New European Anti-Money Laundering Legislation: A Law and Economics View," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 931-952, December.
    16. Raffaella Barone & Domenico Delle Side & Donato Masciandaro, 2018. "Drug trafficking, money laundering and the business cycle: Does secular stagnation include crime?," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(2), pages 409-426, May.
    17. Claudius Gräbner & Wolfram Elsner & Alex Lascaux, 2021. "Trust and Social Control: Sources of Cooperation, Performance, and Stability in Informal Value Transfer Systems," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 58(4), pages 1077-1102, December.
    18. Raffaella Barone & Roy Cerqueti & Anna Quaranta, 2012. "Illegal finance and usurers behaviour," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 265-277, October.
    19. Nicola Mastrorocco, 2018. "Organised Crime, Captured Politicians and the Allocation of Public Resources," Trinity Economics Papers tep1018, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
    20. Gnutzmann, Hinnerk & McCarthy, Killian J. & Unger, Brigitte, 2010. "Dancing with the devil: Country size and the incentive to tolerate money laundering," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 244-252, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    money laundering definition; money laundering stages; money laundering volume; MIMIC estimation; financial means; organised crime.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

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