IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i3p947-d1576029.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Variability of the Level of Budget Expenditures on Social Insurance of Farmers in the Agricultural Policy of Poland After Accession to the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Andrzej Czyżewski

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland)

  • Ryszard Kata

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Anna Matuszczak

    (Institute of Economics, Poznań University of Economics and Business, 61-712 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

The purpose of this article was to examine the level and variability of budgetary expenditures directed to the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (ASIF) in Poland in the form of subsidies to the Farmers’ Pension Fund in the period 2004–2024, i.e., after Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU). The aim of the study was also to determine the share of subsidies to the farmers’ social insurance fund in the total expenditures of the Polish agricultural budget, as well as the relationship of ASIF expenditures to state budget expenditures and GDP dynamics. The authors attempted to estimate the trend function for these time series and the degree of fit of the equations describing them. The formation of the nominal and real level of budget expenditures on the ASIF in 2004–2024 was evaluated. It was assumed that spending on the ASIF is an element of agricultural policy, realising its redistributive and social objectives, but indirectly also pro-development objectives by supporting generational change in agriculture. The research showed that the real level of spending on ASIF declined during Poland’s EU membership, as did the share of this spending in the total agricultural budget. The subsidy to the social security system also did not follow the changes in GDP and state budget expenditure proportionally, showing much less dynamism over the period studied. This means that budget support for farmers’ social security is losing its importance as an instrument of agricultural policy. It has been shown that the economic and social components of agricultural expenditure have not grown in harmony. The changes in the level of spending on the ASIF in the period 2004–2024 were also analysed in relation to demographic changes, i.e., the number of farmers insured in the ASIF and recipients of agricultural pensions. It has been shown that, despite a significant decrease in the number of farmers receiving pensions from the ASIF, there remains a large disparity between the average pension benefits of farmers and those of the general social insurance system (Social Insurance Institution—SII). The reduction in this disparity is not served by a real reduction in subsidies to the ASIF.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Czyżewski & Ryszard Kata & Anna Matuszczak, 2025. "Variability of the Level of Budget Expenditures on Social Insurance of Farmers in the Agricultural Policy of Poland After Accession to the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:3:p:947-:d:1576029
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/3/947/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/3/947/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zuojuan Li & Guofeng Li & Ke Zhang & Jingxin Zhu, 2022. "Do Social Pension and Family Support Affect Farmers’ Land Transfer? Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Bruno Henry de Frahan & Jérémie Dong & Rembert De Blander, 2017. "Farm Household Incomes in OECD Member Countries over the Last 30 Years of Public Support," LIS Working papers 700, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    3. Hung-Hao Chang, 2013. "Old Farmer Pension Program and Farm Succession: Evidence from a Population-Based Survey of Farm Households in Taiwan," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 95(4), pages 976-991.
    4. Mishra, Ashok K. & El-Osta, Hisham S. & Morehart, Mitchell J. & Johnson, James D. & Hopkins, Jeffrey W., 2002. "Income, Wealth, And The Economic Well-Being Of Farm Households," Agricultural Economic Reports 33967, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Jinghua Sun & Peng Cheng & Zhaoxu Liu, 2023. "Social Security, Intergenerational Care, and Cultivated Land Renting Out Behavior of Elderly Farmers: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, January.
    6. Kwasek, Mariola & Maciejczak, Maciej & Wrzaszcz, Wioletta & Zegar, Józef Stanisław & Kwasek, Mariola (ed.) & Zegar, Józef Stanisław (ed.), 2018. "From the research on socially-sustainable agriculture (48)," Multiannual Program Reports 302749, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hung‐Hao Chang & Ashok K. Mishra & Tzong‐Haw Lee, 2019. "A supply‐side analysis of agritourism: Evidence from farm‐level agriculture census data in Taiwan," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(3), pages 521-548, July.
    2. Yiping Sun & Yinying Cai & Xia Tian & Wenyu Zhong, 2025. "How Does Social Security Affect Farmers’ Contracted Land Withdrawal: Evidence from the Suburbs of Shanghai and Wuhan," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Rocchi, B & Marino, M & Severini, S, "undated". "Does a farm household income problem still exist in the European Union?," 2018 Seventh AIEAA Conference, June 14-15, Conegliano, Italy 275653, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    4. Liu, Yue & Yao, Shunbo & Lin, Ying, 2018. "Effect of Key Priority Forestry Programs on off-farm employment: Evidence from Chinese rural households," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 24-37.
    5. Erickson, Kenneth W. & Moss, Charles B. & Mishra, Ashok K., 2006. "Farm Wealth Inequality Within and Across States in the United States," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 35(2), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Wookjae Heo & Eun Jin Kwak & John Grable & Hye Jun Park, 2024. "Ownership of Cash Value Life Insurance among Rural Households: Utilization of Machine Learning Algorithms to Find Predictors," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-27, August.
    7. Bharadwaj, Latika & Findeis, Jill L., 2003. "Off-Farm Work Among Farm Women: Motivations, Earnings, And Benefit Receipt," 2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada 21991, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    8. Blank, Steven C., 2005. "Hedging with off-farm income: implications for production and investment decisions across farm sizes," 2005 Annual Meeting, July 6-8, 2005, San Francisco, California 291741, Western Agricultural Economics Association.
    9. Mukherjee, Swayambhu & Kar, Saibal, 2020. "Leveraging Non-Farm Income: Micro-evidence of Occupational Choice for Rural Households in India," MPRA Paper 109940, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Xiaoshun Li & Xizhao Liu & Long Li & Xin Chen & Xin Li, 2025. "Urban expansion in China from a land price equilibrium perspective: regulatory theory and empirical study," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Ashok Kumar Mishra & Krishna Paudel, 2011. "Estimating permanent income and wealth of the US farm households," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(12), pages 1521-1533.
    12. Jeffrey Gillespie & Ashok Mishra, 2011. "Off‐farm employment and reasons for entering farming as determinants of production enterprise selection in US agriculture," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 55(3), pages 411-428, July.
    13. Jiachen Ning & Pingyu Zhang & Qifeng Yang & Zuopeng Ma, 2023. "Spatial Pattern of Farmland Transfer in Liaoning Province, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, July.
    14. Whitaker, James B. & Effland, Anne, 2009. "Income Stabilization Through Government Payments: How is Farm Household Consumption Affected?," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(1), pages 36-48, April.
    15. Hill, Berkeley, 2005. "Institutional Units and Agricultural Statistics," 94th Seminar, April 9-10, 2005, Ashford, UK 24410, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Hung-Hao Chang, 2012. "Consumption inequality between farm and nonfarm households in Taiwan: a decomposition analysis of differences in distribution," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 43(5), pages 487-498, September.
    17. Graziano Ceddia, Michele & Heikkilä, Jaakko & Peltola, Jukka, 2008. "Biosecurity in agriculture: an economic analysis of coexistence of professional and hobby production," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 54(4), pages 1-18.
    18. Bruno Henry de Frahan & Jérémie Dong & Rembert De Blander, 2017. "Farm Household Incomes in OECD Member Countries over the Last 30 Years of Public Support," LIS Working papers 700, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    19. de Mey, Yann & Wauters, Erwin & Lips, Markus & Schmid, Dirk & Vancauteren, Mark & Van Passel, Steven, 2014. "Farm household risk balancing in Switzerland and Belgium: an econometric and survey approach," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 186678, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    20. Biggs, Brian & Murray, Paul & Dubman, Robert W. & Erickson, Kenneth W. & Korb, Penelope J., . "Recent Changes in Farm Structure: A Canada-U.S. Comparison," CAFRI: Current Agriculture, Food and Resource Issues, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society, issue 5, pages 1-13.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:3:p:947-:d:1576029. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.