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How Can Science and Technology Backyards Lead Smallholder Farmers Toward Green Transformation? An Evolutionary Game Analysis of a Tripartite Interaction

Author

Listed:
  • Yanhu Bai

    (Business College, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China)

  • Cong Zhu

    (Business College, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China)

  • Jianli Luo

    (Business College, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China)

  • Xiaomin Zou

    (Business College, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China)

Abstract

The green transition of smallholder farmers is a critical component in expanding the scale of green agricultural production in China. This research investigates how Science and Technology Backyards facilitate the ecological transformation process for small-scale agricultural producers by developing a three-party evolutionary game framework that incorporates Science and Technology Backyards (STBs), smallholder farmers, and research institutions. The main findings are as follows: (1) Under specific parameter conditions, the system converges to two stable equilibrium points: (0,0,0), where none of the three parties engage in cooperation, and (1,1,1), where full participation and collaboration among all parties are achieved. (2) Science and Technology Backyards exhibit a strong tendency to avoid bearing research costs and demonstrate high sensitivity to economic returns, indicating a clear preference for profit maximization. (3) Research institutes can effectively reduce the cost of technology trials through cooperation with Science and Technology Backyards; however, excessively high trial costs significantly weaken the willingness to collaborate. This study provides a scientific basis for decision-making by stakeholders involved in Science and Technology Backyard initiatives and offers theoretical support for advancing the green transformation of smallholder farmers through the Science and Technology Backyard.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanhu Bai & Cong Zhu & Jianli Luo & Xiaomin Zou, 2025. "How Can Science and Technology Backyards Lead Smallholder Farmers Toward Green Transformation? An Evolutionary Game Analysis of a Tripartite Interaction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-28, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:13:p:5725-:d:1684422
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