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Impact of Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions—Evidence from 136 Countries and Regions

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  • Bingying Ma

    (Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
    School of Management, Suzhou University, Suzhou City Education Park, Suzhou 234000, China)

  • Seiichi Ogata

    (Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

Abstract

Urbanization affects economic production activities and energy demand, as well as lifestyle and consumption behavior, affecting carbon dioxide emissions. This study constructs the System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) model of the impact of urbanization rate on carbon dioxide emissions based on panel data of 136 countries and regions in the world from 1990 to 2020, grounded on the extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model. This study found that (1) there is a negative relationship between urbanization rate and CO 2 emissions from 1990 to 2020. (2) The impact of the urbanization rate on CO 2 emissions is heterogeneous. An increase in urbanization rate in non-OECD countries significantly reduces CO 2 emissions, while the effect is not significant in OECD countries. (3) The carbon intensity of fossil energy consumption moderates the relationship between urbanization rate and CO 2 emissions, weakening the effect of urbanization rate on CO 2 emissions. Based on these findings, policy recommendations such as promoting urbanization and increasing the regulation and control of fossil energy carbon intensity are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Bingying Ma & Seiichi Ogata, 2024. "Impact of Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions—Evidence from 136 Countries and Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:18:p:7878-:d:1474731
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    References listed on IDEAS

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