IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i17p7791-d1473164.html

Is Younger Population Generating Higher CO 2 Emissions? A Dynamic Panel Analysis on European Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Diana Sabău-Popa

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Diana Claudia Perțicaș

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Adrian Florea

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Luminița Rus

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Hillary Wafula Juma

    (Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi 00200, Kenya)

Abstract

Ensuring a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability is crucial to reduce the impact of CO 2 emissions and ensure sustainable economic development for future generations. The goal of this study is to investigate the influences of the adjusted gross dispensable income (GDI) per capita, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy consumption per capita, economic inequality in the population (GINI), and the median age on the carbon emissions in 27 European countries. In the dynamic panel analysis, CO 2 emissions represent the dependent variable, while adjusted GDI/capita, GDP/capita, energy use/capita, median age, and GINI are the independent variables. The valid results of the model show us that only the past values of CO 2 emissions, GDP/capita, and median age significantly influence the carbon emissions in the European countries analyzed. The median age and the GDP/capita have inversely proportional impacts on the carbon emissions in Europe. A 1% increase in GDP/capita produced a 0.006% decrease in carbon emissions in Europe. The younger the population is, the higher the carbon emissions. In contrast, the adjusted gross disposable income/capita, the energy consumption/capita, and economic inequality do not significantly influence CO 2 emissions/capita in the European countries and period analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Diana Sabău-Popa & Diana Claudia Perțicaș & Adrian Florea & Luminița Rus & Hillary Wafula Juma, 2024. "Is Younger Population Generating Higher CO 2 Emissions? A Dynamic Panel Analysis on European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:17:p:7791-:d:1473164
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/17/7791/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/17/7791/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stern, David I., 2004. "The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1419-1439, August.
    2. Abid, Mehdi, 2016. "Impact of economic, financial, and institutional factors on CO2 emissions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa economies," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 85-94.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Chittedi, Krishna Reddy & Jiao, Zhilun & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2020. "The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from the renewable energy country attractive index," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    4. Sariyamon Tiraphat & Vijj Kasemsup & Doungjai Buntup & Murallitharan Munisamy & Thang Huu Nguyen & Aung Hpone Myint, 2021. "Active Aging in ASEAN Countries: Influences from Age-Friendly Environments, Lifestyles, and Socio-Demographic Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Simona Laura Dragoş & Codruţa Mare & Cristian Mihai Dragoş, 2019. "Institutional drivers of life insurance consumption: a dynamic panel approach for European countries," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 44(1), pages 36-66, January.
    6. Menz, Tobias & Welsch, Heinz, 2012. "Population aging and carbon emissions in OECD countries: Accounting for life-cycle and cohort effects," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 842-849.
    7. Fan, Jianshuang & Zhou, Lin & Zhang, Yan & Shao, Shuai & Ma, Miao, 2021. "How does population aging affect household carbon emissions? Evidence from Chinese urban and rural areas," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    8. Xiaoxi Liu & Xiaoling Yuan, 2023. "Novel research methods for energy use, carbon emissions, and economic growth: evidence from the USA," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(1), pages 1735-1750, March.
    9. Belaïd, Fateh & Zrelli, Maha Harbaoui, 2019. "Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption, environmental degradation and economic development: Evidence from Mediterranean countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Shuhua Zhang & Jian Li & Bao Jiang & Tianmiao Guo, 2023. "Government Intervention, Structural Transformation, and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-19, January.
    11. Cemal Atici, 2009. "Carbon emissions in Central and Eastern Europe: environmental Kuznets curve and implications for sustainable development," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(3), pages 155-160.
    12. Salari, Mahmoud & Javid, Roxana J. & Noghanibehambari, Hamid, 2021. "The nexus between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in the U.S," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 182-194.
    13. Dinda, Soumyananda, 2004. "Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 431-455, August.
    14. Hardt, Lukas & O'Neill, Daniel W., 2017. "Ecological Macroeconomic Models: Assessing Current Developments," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 198-211.
    15. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    16. Mei Ling Wang & Wei Wang & Shen Yue Du & Cun Fang Li & Zhengxia He, 2020. "Causal relationships between carbon dioxide emissions and economic factors: Evidence from China," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(1), pages 73-82, January.
    17. Qiang Wang & Ting Yang & Rongrong Li & Lili Wang, 2023. "Population aging redefines the economic growth-carbon emissions nexus, energy consumption-carbon emissions nexus - Evidence from 36 OECD countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(4), pages 946-970, June.
    18. Arminen, Heli & Menegaki, Angeliki N., 2019. "Corruption, climate and the energy-environment-growth nexus," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 621-634.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ibrahim, Mansor H. & Law, Siong Hook, 2014. "Social capital and CO2 emission—output relations: A panel analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 528-534.
    2. Yu Hao & Shang Gao & Yunxia Guo & Zhiqiang Gai & Haitao Wu, 2021. "Measuring the nexus between economic development and environmental quality based on environmental Kuznets curve: a comparative study between China and Germany for the period of 2000–2017," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16848-16873, November.
    3. Disli, Mustafa & Ng, Adam & Askari, Hossein, 2016. "Culture, income, and CO2 emission," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 418-428.
    4. Amos, Sanday & Zoundi, Zakaria, 2019. "A Regime Switching Analysis of the Income-Pollution Path with time Varying- Elasticities in a Heterogeneous Panel of Countries," MPRA Paper 99577, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Nicolae Stef & Sami Ben Jabeur, 2023. "Elections and Environmental Quality," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 84(2), pages 593-625, February.
    6. Emrah Kocak & Hayriye Hilal Baglitas, 2022. "The path to sustainable municipal solid waste management: Do human development, energy efficiency, and income inequality matter?," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1947-1962, December.
    7. Ajanaku, B.A. & Collins, A.R., 2021. "Economic growth and deforestation in African countries: Is the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis applicable?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    8. Tamazian, Artur & Bhaskara Rao, B., 2010. "Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 137-145, January.
    9. Managi, Shunsuke & Jena, Pradyot Ranjan, 2008. "Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 432-440, April.
    10. Liobikienė, Genovaitė & Butkus, Mindaugas, 2017. "Environmental Kuznets Curve of greenhouse gas emissions including technological progress and substitution effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 237-248.
    11. Mansor H. Ibrahim & Siong Hook Law, 2016. "Institutional Quality and CO 2 Emission–Trade Relations: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 84(2), pages 323-340, June.
    12. Arminen, Heli & Menegaki, Angeliki N., 2019. "Corruption, climate and the energy-environment-growth nexus," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 621-634.
    13. Chao Zhang & Ruifa Hu, 2020. "Does Fertilizer Use Intensity Respond to the Urban-Rural Income Gap? Evidence from a Dynamic Panel-Data Analysis in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, January.
    14. Zaman, Khalid & Moemen, Mitwali Abd-el., 2017. "Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic development: Evaluating alternative and plausible environmental hypothesis for sustainable growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1119-1130.
    15. Davor Mance & Siniša Vilke & Borna Debelić, 2020. "Sustainable Governance of Coastal Areas and Tourism Impact on Waste Production: Panel Analysis of Croatian Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    16. Barra, Cristian & Zotti, Roberto, 2016. "Investigating the impact of national income on environmental pollution. International evidence," MPRA Paper 74149, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Fang, Wen Shwo & Miller, Stephen M. & Yeh, Chih-Chuan, 2012. "The effect of ESCOs on energy use," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 558-568.
    18. Zheng, Xinye & Yu, Yihua & Wang, Jing & Deng, Huihui, 2013. "Identifying the determinants and spatial nexus of provincial carbon intensity in China: A dynamic spatial panel approach," MPRA Paper 56088, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Davor Mance & Dejan Miljenović & Ismar Velić, 2025. "Do Economies Recover Their Fisheries? Evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Fish Stock Status," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-18, July.
    20. Tiba, Sofien & Omri, Anis, 2017. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1129-1146.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:17:p:7791-:d:1473164. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.